CSD 350 - Infancy

month 1

patterns for interaction begin as noted by gazing faces and vocalizing. social smile especially in presence of mother

month 2

infant starts with visual tracking with mom

month 3

caregiver changes facial expression to improve reaction from infant mutual gaze

month 4

infants most responsive to vocalizations vs. non-vocalizations. change from simultaneous to sequential

month 5

recognize that vocalizations get reactions

month 7

take more control in interaction

month 8

selectively listens to words + follows simple requests

month 9

follow maternal pointing + glancing

month 8-9

develops intentionality

protoconversations

interactional phrases; mutual, interactive behaviors connecting the adult + infant

reflexive (0-2 months)

discomfort/distress + vegetative sounds

phonation control (2-4 months)

- cooing

- velars (k + g)

- true vowel production

- laughing

expansion (3-6 months)

- truer adult vowels

- more control of articulation

- babbling

canonical babbling (5-10 months)

- cv syllables

- reduplicated vs. varigated

jargon stage (10+ months)

- varied combinations of syllables

- mimic adult speech

perlocutionary (0 - 7/8 months)

- keep interaction going

- "signal" can influence behavior

- "infers" an intention

illocutionary (6 - 12 months)

- emergence of intentions

- gestures + vocalizations precedes first word

- consistent sounds + intonation. vocables or phonetically consistent forms

- requesting objects + actions

- engaging in communicative games -- turn-taking

- refusing + commenting

locutionary (10 - 14 months)

begins with first meaningful word

stages of gestures

(a) infant exhibits or shows herself (hiding face, raising arms) --> before illocutionary

(b) infant shows objects by extending them toward caregiver (joint attention)

(c) full range of gestures - requesting + showing-off

infant-directed speech

how speech and language is changed when talking to an infant

(a) short utterance length

(b) small core vocabulary

(c) more paraphrasing + repetition

purpose of infant-directed speech

1. capture and maintain focus

2. maintain child's responsiveness at optimal level

3. understand + be understood focus on the same topic

joint attention + reference

- both partners focused on external object

- identification of objects

- gesture, vocal, verbal signals

- joint referencing is demonstrated by an infant prior to joint attention

cues of joint attention + reference

- line of regard

- gestures

- body posture

daily routines of infancy

conversations used during routines are beneficial to language development

- same words, sound patterns, intonations

caregiver responsiveness

attention to infant's vocalizations + communicative attempts

key elements of caregiver responsiveness

- wait + listen

- follow child's lead

- join in + play

- face-to-face

- use variety of questions

- encourage turn-taking

- expand + extend