ANTH1220 Week 10

What were ancient egyptians ideas of race?

They thought there were red, yellow, white, and black people

The Great Chain of Being

A hierchical system of races that made the identification of races into racism. Race became a social category (not biological).

What races did Carl Linnaeus recognize?

Four races and linked them to the four humours, European, Indians (North Americans), Asians, and Black Africans

What races did Johann Blumenbach recognize?

Caucasian, Mongolian, Malayan, Ethiopian, Native Americans

What is skin colour influenced by?

Melanin, hemoglobin, UV radiation. The more melanin you have, the darker your skin. Generally the closer to the equator you are, the darker your skin.

Cline

A gradually shifting frequency of a phenotypic trait across space. They only map single traits, not GROUPS or COLLECTIONS of traits.

What was racial classification like in colonial Oaxaca?

A complicated racial hierarchy formed after the spanish arrived. They reworked their system of estates into the sistema de castas. The two top estates stayed the same. Then it was the indigenous people. Then the black slaves were at the bottom. They gave some indigenous nobles a bit of a higher status. If you had church marriage, your children became the highest class, between you and your spouse

What were the different racial classifications in colonial Oaxaca?

In order from highest to lowest: Criollos (spanish colonials), Espanoles (legitimate spanish-indigenous), Castizos (spanish-mestizo), Mestizos (illegitimate spanish-indigenous), Indigenous peoples, mulattos (black-any other race), and Black peoples

Ethnic group

A social group whose members distinguish themselves on the basis of ethnicity

Ethnicity

Created by historical processess that incorporate different groups into a single political entity under conditions of inequality

What was the deal with ethnic identities in colonial Zimbabwe?

A lot of smaller groups joined one or the other. Lots of small tribes started to unite to resist white colonialism, fight oppression, and for independance

How did conditions of colonialism affect Cameroon?

There were a bunch of groups treated the same way. It resulted in new ethnicities or eliminated pre-existing ones

Capitalist world system

A system of intergenerational wealth and colonialism

Neocolonialism

Indirect ways modern capitalist interests pressure poor nations to further exploit them

Neoliberalism

The prioritization of privatization of public services to decrease public spending. This leads to increased inequity.

Structural violence

When people experience overlapping structures of discrimination. Like sexism, racism, etc.

Paul Farmer

Well known on his work on structural violence in Haiti. A region lost all schools, markets, hospitals, due to hydroelectric accidents. They were tracking the structural violence in this place