20 Amino Acids

glycine (Gly, G)

aliphatic, simplest r group

alanine (Ala, A)

aliphatic, hydrophobic (affect conformation of protein)

valine (Val, V)

aliphatic, hydrophobic (affect conformation of protein)

leucine (Leu, L)

aliphatic, hydrophobic (affect conformation of protein)

isoleucine (Ile, I)

aliphatic, hydrophobic (affect conformation of protein)

the more carbons

the more hydrophobic

cysteine (Cys, C)

sulfur containing, has -SH group

methionine (Met, M)

sulfur containing

phenylalanine (Phe, F)

aromatic, heavy carbon

tyrosine (Tyr, Y)

aromatic, heavy carbon

tryptophan (Trp, W)

aromatic, heavy carbon

-OH group can be phosphorylated (catalyzed by kinase)

proline (imino)

not bulky, small, can rotate

which amino acid can rotate

proline

which amino acid can be phosphorylated and catalyzed by kinase

tyrosine, serine, threonine

which amino acids are hydrophobic and nonpolar

glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine

which amino acids have heavy carbons

phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan

serine (Ser,S)

neutral polar, can be phosphorylated by kinase when in protein

threonine (Thr, T)

neutral polar, can be phosphorylated by kinase when in protein

asparagine (Asp, D)

neutral polar

glutamine (Gln, Q)

neutral polar

aspartic acid (Asp, D)

also called aspartate, provides - charge @ neutral pH, acidic, additional carboxyl group on side chain

glutamic acid (Glu, E)

also called glutamine, provides - charge @ neutral pH, acidic, additional carboxyl group on side chain

histidine (His, H)

provides + charge @ neutral pH, basic, additional amino group on side chain

lysine (Lys, K)

provides + charge @ neutral pH, basic, additional amino group on side chain

arginine (Arg, R)

provides + charge @ neutral pH, basic, additional amino group on side chain

what amino acids have an extra amine group on the side chain

histidine, lysine, arginine

what amino acids have an extra carboxyl group on the side chain

aspartic acid (aspartate), glutamic acid (glutamate)

what are neutral polar amino acids

serine, threonine, asparagine, glutamine

what amino acids are acidic at neutral pH and have a negative charge

aspartic acid (aspartate) and glutamic acid (glutamate)

what amino acids are basic at neutral pH and have a positive charge

histidine, lysine, arginine

what amino acid is needed in animals and children but adults develop on their own as they grow

arginine

what are the essential amino acids

PVT TIM HALL

-phenylalanine

-valine

-threonine

-trptophan

-isoleucine

-methionine

-histidine

-arginine

-leucine

-lysine

what is the P in PVT TIM HALL

phenylalanine

what is the V in PVT TIM HALL

valine

what is T in PVT TIM HALL

threonine

what is second T in PVT TIM HALL

tryptophan

what is I in PVT TIM HALL

isoleucine

what is M in PVT TIM HALL

methionine

what is H in PVT TIM HALL

histidine

what is A in PVT TIM HALL

arginine

what is L in PVT TIM HALL

leucine

what is second L in PVT TIM HALL

lysine