Orgo Functional Groups

Methane

CH4

alkane

all carbon and hydrogen single bonds (-ane suffix)

ethane

carbon-carbon single bond /

propane

2 carbon single bonds /-

butane

3 carbon single bonds /-/

pentane

4 carbon single bonds /-/-

hexane

5 carbon single bonds /-/-/

alkyl groups

all carbon and hydrogen single bonds (-yl suffix)

methyl

variable bond with 2 carbons

ethyl

2 bonds with variation; 3 carbons

propyl

3 bonds with variation; 4 carbons

isopropyl

3 bonds off of a central carbon with variation

butyl

4 bonds with variation; 5 carbons

pentyl

5 bonds with variation; 6 carbons

hexyl

6 bonds with variation; 7 carbons

cyclohexane

6 carbon ring

cyclopentate

5 carbon ring

cyclobutane

4 carbon ring

cyclopropane

3 carbon ring

alkene

carbon-carbon double bond

alkyne

carbon-carbon triple bond