Plants Test

Plantae Characteristics

Eukaryotic, multicellular, autotrophic through photosynthesis, and have cell walls made of cellulose.

Green Algae

Oldest ancestor of plants, multicellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes, with most species being multicellular.

Bryophytes

First true plants with adaptations like cuticle for water retention and stomata for gas exchange.

Seedless Vascular Plants

Have roots for absorption, anchoring, and energy storage, and a vascular system with xylem and phloem for nutrient transport.

Lignin

Found in some cell walls of seedless vascular plants, providing structure and support.

Gymnosperms

Seeded vascular plants with adaptations like seeds (plant embryo) and pollen (male reproductive gametophyte).

Angiosperms

Seeded vascular plants with flowers as reproductive organs and seeds enclosed in fruits.

Alternation of Generations

Plants alternate between sporophyte form (2n) and gametophyte form (n) in their life cycle.

Monocot

Angiosperm classification with one cotyledon, parallel leaf veins, flower parts in multiples of 3, scattered vascular tissue, and fibrous roots.

Dicot

Angiosperm classification with two cotyledons, branched leaf veins, flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5, vascular tissues arranged in a ring, and taproot.

Reproduction in Angiosperms

Involves male parts (stamen with anther and filament), female parts (pistil with stigma, style, ovary, and ovule), petals for attracting pollinators, and sepals for protecting young flowers.

Flower to Fruit

Ovules fertilized by pollen develop into seeds within the ovary, which grows and fills with sugar for animal consumption.