126 LE2.4 - CVR Parts 1-4

type of calcium channel that facilitates inward movement of calcium

L type

DHPs : [Ca_v type]

Non-DHPs : [Ca_v type]

1.1; 1.2

T/F: 4th gen calcium channel blockers are less nephrotoxic

F, no robust evidence

[DHPs/Non-DHPs] have use-dependent inhibition

Non-DHPs

arrhythmia drug classes

Class I: Na⁺ channel blockers

Class II: Beta blockers

Class III: K⁺ channel blockers

Class IV: Ca²⁺ channel blockers

agent used for cluster headache

verapamil

nitrates have a preference for […]

dilating veins

antidote for CN toxicity

sodium thiosulfate (sulfide ion provider), hydroxocobalamin (chelator)

agent that can cause coronary steal

sodium nitroprusside

the only approved drug/s for pulmonary HTN

• sildenafil

• tadalafil

major risk of using clonidine for HTN

orthostatic hypotension, rebound HTN on withdrawal

which alpha-2 receptor/s is/are responsible for analgesia

• 2A

• 2C

which alpha-2 receptor/s is/are responsible for hypotension

2C

which alpha-2 receptor/s is/are responsible for vasoconstriction

2B

which alpha-2 receptor/s is/are responsible for impulsivity/hyperactivity

2A

which alpha-2 receptor/s is/are responsible for presynaptic NE brakes

• 2A

• 2C

which alpha-2 receptors are responsible for sedation

• 2B

• 2C

aside from alpha-2 receptors, clonidine also binds to […]

I₁ receptors

aside from ADHD, clonidine is 2nd line for […]

Tourette’s; smoking cessation

how to treat rebound HTN associated with clonidine withdrawal

reinstitute drug and administer non-selective beta blocker

beta blockers A-N are beta-1 selective, except […]

nadolol

only available form of metoprolol in the PNF

tartrate

form of metoprolol safer for HF

succinate

metoprolol tartrate vs succinate

tartrate: BID

succinate: OD

why can’t you give beta blockers for unstable HF?

they reduce CO

CV drug that has off label use for stage fright

propranolol

other name for HFrEF

systolic failure

normal EF value

55-70%

irregularly irregular heart rhythm

Afib

aside from the lungs, where else can ACE be found?

kidneys

the two drugs combined as an ARNI

valsartan + sacubitril

class III anti-arrhythmic that has no reverse-use dependence

amiodarone

1st line for TdP

magnesium sulfate IV

if magnesium sulfate IV is used for TdP, what is the magnesium sulfate PO used for?

• osmotic laxative

• migraine prophylaxis

where is spironolactone produced in the kidneys

zona glomerulosa