Unit 5.5 Treatments of psychological disorders

Psychotherapy

A treatment that is used to help individuals address and manage emotional, psychological, and behavioral challenges through structured conversations with a trained mental health professional

Meta-Analytic studies

found that psychotherapy is generally effective, particularly when therapists use evidence based techniques, approach clients with cultural humility, and build a strong therapeutic bond

statistical methods

Used by Meta-analysis studies to calculate an overall effect size, which quantifies how effective a treatment or intervention is

Evidence-Based interventions

Therapists can apply approaches that are more likely to work, rather than relying on untested or outdated techniques

Cultural Humility

involves the therapist being respectful and open to the client’s cultural background, beliefs, and values, while acknowledging and valuing the differences between themselves and the client

Therapeutic Alliance

refers to the trusting, collaborate relationship established between the therapist and the client

Psychotropic Medication

helped manage symptoms that previously kept individuals in long-term psychiatric hospitals or asylums

Deinstitutionalization Movement

Refers to closing down or scaling back psychiatric hospitals and moving patients back into their communities

Group Therapy

involves several individuals meeting together with a therapist

Individual Therapy

One individual meets with a therapist in private to solely focus on the clients personal concerns, goals, and treatment plan

Nonmaleficence

DO NO HARM, therapists must act in ways that avoid causing harm

Fidelity

It is important that a therapist is trustworthy and honors their professional commitments, meaning they keep information between themselves and the client, unless there is a legal or ethical obligation to disclose

Integrity

States that therapists must be fair, honest, and truthful in all professional activities

Respect for peoples right and dignity

Requires psychologists to obtain informed consent from the client, ensuring the client is fully informed about the therapy process and agrees to the proposed treatment plan

Hypnosis

a State of heightened suggestibility, and deep relaxation

False Memories

can occur if the individual is asked leading questions while in the hypnotic state, which may unintentionally suggest or implant details that did not actually happen

Psychodynamic Therapies

These therapies are rooted in the idea that a person’s unconscious mind shape their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors

Free association

A technique that encourages patients to speak freely about any thoughts, words, or images that come to mind

Dream interpretation

When a therapists analyze the content of dreams

Manifest content

The actual storyline of a dream

Latent content

the deeper, symbolic meaning that reflects hidden desires, fears, or conflicts

Cognitive Therapies

looks at how maladaptive thinking can cause emotional and behavioral problems

Cognitive restructuring

a technique where therapists help a client recognize, challenge, and replace maladaptive thoughts with more realistic and positive thoughts

Fear hierarchies

a list of anxiety-provoking situations that is arranged from least frightening to most frightening

Behavior analysis

Focuses on identifying how different environmental factors, such as rewards, punishments, and reinforcements, influence behavior then uses those concepts to modify or improve an individuals function

Exposure Therapies

Involves a client slowly being exposed to a feared stimulus while practicing relaxation techniques

Systematic Desensitization

A type of exposure therapy, is a treatment for phobias

Aversion Therapy

When an unwanted behavior is paired with an unpleasant stimulus

Token Economy

when clients earn tokens for displaying desired behaviors

biofeedback

uses electronic monitoring to convey information about physiological processes