Hydrocarbons and Organic Building Blocks (Video Notes)

Vocabulary flashcards covering hydrocarbons, carbon, and organic building blocks as presented in Pages 1-8 notes.

Hydrocarbons

Compounds made of carbon and hydrogen; classified as aliphatic or aromatic.

Aliphatic hydrocarbons

Subdivided into alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and cycloalkanes.

Aromatic hydrocarbons

A class of hydrocarbons distinct from aliphatic compounds.

Alkanes

A subdivision of aliphatic hydrocarbons.

Alkenes

A subdivision of aliphatic hydrocarbons.

Alkynes

A subdivision of aliphatic hydrocarbons.

Cycloalkanes

A subdivision of aliphatic hydrocarbons forming rings.

Carbon

The most important element; essential for life.

Carbon formation

Carbon is produced in the interiors of stars, not in the Big Bang.

Origin of the name 'carbon'

From the Latin word carbo, meaning charcoal.

Carbon cycle

The amount of carbon on Earth remains effectively constant due to the carbon cycle.

Hydrocarbons composition

Hydrocarbons are composed of hydrogen and carbon.

Carbohydrates and Lipids composition

Made from hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen.

Amino Acids and Proteins composition

Made from hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen.

Sulfur-containing amino acids

Some amino acids/proteins contain sulfur.

Nucleic Acids composition

Made from hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus.

Dehydration

Loss of water.

Hydration

Addition of water.

Amino acids

The building blocks for proteins.

Proteins

Made by linking amino acids.

Keratin

Structural protein in hair and nails.

Collagen

Structural protein in skin, cartilage, and the eye cornea.

Myosin

Structural protein in muscles.

Glycoprotein

Proteins attached to carbohydrates (in cartilage).

Ligaments

Contain collagen plus glycoproteins.

Eye cornea composition

Contains collagen and keratin.

Lipids

Oils and fats; built from oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon.

DNA

The ultimate building block of living organisms (per notes).

Phosphorus

Element needed to build DNA.

Nucleic acids

Include RNA and DNA.

Mammals need about 20 amino acids

Mammals require about 20 amino acids to make proteins.

Sulfur-containing amino acids count

Only two amino acids contain sulfur.