Bio Exam 3 - Section 14 (Animals 1)

acoelomate

an invertebrate lacking a coelom

Bilateral symmetry

arrangement of an organism along a central plane, so that the organism can be divided into two equal halves

Bilateria

a taxonomic rank that refers to triploblastic animals with bilateral symmetry

cellular differentiation

the process of cell specialization

cephalization

the concentration of sense organs at the head end of the body

cnidaria

a phylum containing radially symmetrical animals found in aquatic environments: they are predominantly marine species

coelom

the body cavity in metazoans, located between the intestinal canal and the body wall

coelomate

animals with a true coelom derived from tissue surrounded by mesoderm

determinate development

development in which the fate of each cell in the adult organism is already determined

deuterostome

animals in which the mouth develops from an opening into the embryonic gut other than the blastopore, which develops into the anus

development

the irreversible processes of growth and differentiation from a zygote through death of the organism

diploblastic

an animal having a body derived from two embryonic cell layers (ectoderm and endoderm, but no mesoderm), as in cnidarians

ectoderm

the outermost embryonic tissue layer; it forms the central and peripheral nervous systems and epidermis as well as the heart and other organs

endoderm

the innermost embryonic tissue layer that will eventually produce the gut and the associated endodermal organs

Eumetazoa

a major division of the animal kingdom in which the organisms have true issues and comprise all animals except for the sponges

Flatworm

members of the phylum Platyhelminthes such as planaria; they have bilateral symmetry, are triploblastic and show cephalization; and have an incomplete digestive tract

Ganglion (pl. ganglia)

a nerve cell cluster

Indeterminate cleavage

the division of a fertilized egg into cells, each of which has the potential of developing into any cell type in the organism

Larva (pl. larvae)

a juvenile form many animals undergo while metamorphosing into adults

Mesoderm

the intermediate embryonic tissue layer between the ectoderm and endoderm - it develops into the skeletal system and muscular system

Parazoa

a group of animals that lack clearly defined tissues and organs - this group includes the sponge[

Planaria

a freshwater flatworm

Porifera

the phylum that includes sponges

posterior

the end of an organism opposite to its head

protostome 

animals in which the oral end of the animal develops from the blastopore

Pseudocoelomate

animals with a fluid filled body cavity that is derived from mesoderm and endoderm

radial symmetry

symmetry around a central axis, as in a jellyfish

Radiata

a taxonomic rank that has been used to classify radially symmetric animals such as jellyfish

tapeworm

various species of parasitic flatworms

tissue

group of similar cells from the same origin that carry out a specific function

totipotency

the ability of a cell to divide and produce all the differentiated cell types in an organism

triploblastic

having a body derived from three embryonic cell layers

What are animals?

motile

heterotrophic

multicellular

heterotrophic

ingest nutrients, stored as glycogen

Multicellular

cellular diversification; muscles tissue, nervous tissue

gastrulation

movement of cells inward

induction

embryonic cells trigger the differentiation of cells

hox genes

are a group of master control genes that determine the basic body plan of animals during embryonic development, specifying where body parts like heads, limbs, and segments should go

placozoa

>amorphous, multicellular, free living flagellated

>lacking digestive system, body cavity, nervous system

>body with two layers of epithelial cells

Phylum cnidarians groups

>Corals

>Jellyfish

>Anemones

What coral actually are

They are animals, not plants; they consist of tiny invertebrates called polyps that range from the size of a pinhead to larger than a basketball

polyp

> a soft, saclike body

> A mouth covered in stinging tentacles

> a limestone skeleton (calicle) for protection and support