P3-POM-SAS 15 RESPIRATORY DISEASES

tuberculosis

airborne disease that may be transmitted

through contact with an infected person's sputum or simply by breathing air which has been contaminated when

a person with active tuberculosis coughs or sneezes

hospital setting

where is dental tx for TB positive px preferred?

pneumonic lesion in the lung, which spreads quickly

to the lymph nodes

primary infection of tuberculosis

Mantoux test

what test is a TB px positive to

tuberculosis bronchopneumonia

if the infected lymph node may rupture through the wall of the bronchus or grow so large as to collapse the bronchus completely, what will it result to?

when the small, early lesion of tuberculosis bronchopneumonia spreads and produces necrosis in the lung.

-patient will cough and produce sputum

when do post-primary infection of tuberculosis occurs

trachea, larynx, tongue, or stomach

infected sputum may also cause an infection in the _____, _____, _______, or ___________ (if swallowed).

cough-producing sputum

low-grade fever

loss of appetite

progressive weight loss

tiredness

night sweats

symptoms of chronic tuberculosis

positive skin test

this test means that the person has been infected with TB, but it does not mean that the patient is actively infectious.

Patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

they have a high incidence of tuberculosis and should

have a Mantoux test on a regular basis

development of multiple-drug resistant forms of TB

major public health concern

Chronic obstructive lung/pulmonary disease (COPD)

refers to a clinical syndrome characterized by chronic labored respiration and evidence of obstructed expiratory flow.

chronic bronchitis

pulmonary emphysema

bronchial asthma

classification of COPD

chronic bronchitis

size of the mucous glands of the large bronchi and the number of mucous-secreting epithelial cells of the large and small bronchi are increased

Emphysema

destruction of the alveolar septa which results in the formation of abnormally large air spaces and less lung surface area available for exchange of gases

cardiac arrhythmias and respiratory suppression from various drugs

Emphysema may predispose the patient to

COPD & cigarette smoking

Research has demonstrated that a close relationship exists between ________ and __________

atmospheric pollution

genetic factors

Other etiologic factors of COPD

pulmonary emphysema

Unexplained chest pain may be an indication of several disorders, one of which

is ______________

angina pectoris

myocardial infarction

pulmonary embolism

TB

pneumonia

pleurisy or lung cancer

Unexplained chest pain may also indicate

late morning or afternoon

dental appointments of patients with COPD

supine position

rubber dam

what is avoided in COPD patients in the dental clinic?

nitrous oxide

respiratory depressants

what drugs to avoid in patients with COPD?

Asthma

chronic inflammatory respiratory disease that is associated with increased airway hyper-

responsiveness, resulting in recurrent episodes of dyspnea, coughing, and wheezing.

Asthma

hyperactivity of the trachea and bronchi due to various stimuli and spasms in the small bronchi of the lungs.

Allergic or extrinsic asthma

the most common form of asthma

Allergic or extrinsic asthma

-associated with a family history of allergies and is often seasonal.

-may be associated with dust, grasses, animal dander, or pollen.

Idiosyncratic or intrinsic asthma

not associated with any particular antigen but can be caused

by more vague factors such as respiratory tract infections or physical irritants such as air pollution, cigarette

smoke, and stress

middle-aged and older adults

age group where idiosyncratic asthma is generally seen

chronic asthmatic condition

is indicated by sudden attacks of shortness of breath and wheezing, occurring commonly at night and often accompanied by a cough.

status asthmaticus

Very severe attacks, life-threatening and require prompt attention and therapy

acute asthmatic attacks

Aspirin, NSAIDs, beta blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and some food substances () have been shown to precipitate what asthma condition?

nuts, shellfish, milk, and strawberries

food substances that may precipitate acute asthmatic attacks

infection

emotional trauma or anxiety

what other factors can cause asthma attacks?

-awareness of the type of asthma

-precipitating substances

-frequency and severity of attacks

- how the attacks are usually managed, and whether an attack has ever necessitated emergency treatment

Preparation for treating a patient with asthma

aspirin, NSAIDs

drugs to avoid in asthmatic patients

late morning or afternoon

dental appointments for asthmatic patients