Anatomy of Flowering Plants

What does the study of internal structure of plants refer to?

The study of internal structure of plants is called anatomy.

How are cells organized in plants?

Cells are organized into tissues, and tissues are organized into organs.

What differences do plant organs exhibit?

Different organs in a plant show differences in their internal structure.

How do monocots and dicots differ anatomically?

Within angiosperms, monocots and dicots are anatomically different.

What is a key feature of internal structures in plants?

Internal structures show adaptations to diverse environments.

On what basis are tissue systems categorized?

Tissue systems are categorized based on their structure and location.

Name the three types of tissue systems in plants.

1. Epidermal Tissue System

2. Ground or Fundamental Tissue System

3. Vascular or Conducting Tissue System

What forms the outermost covering of the plant body?

The epidermal tissue system forms the outermost covering of the plant body.

What does the epidermal tissue system consist of?

Epidermal cells, stomata, and epidermal appendages (trichomes and hairs)

What is the epidermis?

The epidermis is the outermost layer of the primary plant body, made of elongated, compactly arranged cells that form a continuous, usually single-layered sheet

What is a key feature of epidermal cells?

Epidermal cells are parenchymatous with a small amount of cytoplasm lining the cell wall and a large vacuole.

What is the function of the cuticle on the epidermis?

The cuticle is a waxy, thick layer that prevents water loss. It is absent in roots.

What are stomata?

Stomata are structures present in the epidermis of leaves that regulate transpiration and gaseous exchange.

What do guard cells do?

Guard cells, which possess chloroplasts, enclose the stomatal pore and regulate its opening and closing

How do guard cells differ in grasses?

In grasses, guard cells are dumb-bell shaped.

What are subsidiary cells?

Subsidiary cells are specialized epidermal cells near guard cells that form part of the stomatal apparatus

What is the stomatal apparatus?

The stomatal aperture, guard cells, and surrounding subsidiary cells together form the stomatal apparatus

What does the ground tissue include?

All tissues except the epidermis and vascular bundles constitute the ground tissue

What types of tissues are part of the ground tissue system?

The ground tissue system consists of simple tissues such as parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma

Where are parenchymatous cells found?

They are present in the cortex, pericycle, pith, and medullary rays in primary stems and roots.

What does the ground tissue in leaves consist of

In leaves, the ground tissue consists of thin-walled chloroplast-containing cells called mesophyll.

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