Introduction to Psychology

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts from an introductory lecture on psychology.

Psychology

The study of the brain and behavior.

Ancient Psychology

Refers to early explanations of behavior, often attributing it to evil spirits and other superstitions.

Phrenology

The study of the bumps and grooves on the skull, popular in the 1880s.

Mind/Body Duality

The philosophical concept that the mind and body are separate but interact.

Tabula Rasa

The idea that individuals are born as a 'blank slate' and experience shapes their personality.

Structuredism

An early psychological approach founded by Wilhelm Wundt that focused on breaking down mental processes into the most basic components.

Functionalism

A psychological perspective founded by William James that emphasized the purposes of mental processes in adapting to the environment.

Behaviorism

A psychological approach that emphasizes observable behaviors and the effects of the environment and experience.

Psychoanalysis

A psychological perspective developed by Sigmund Freud that focuses on the unconscious mind and childhood conflicts.

Evolutionary Psychology

A psychological perspective that examines how psychological traits have evolved to aid in survival.

Humanistic Psychology

An approach that emphasizes personal growth and self-esteem.

Biopsychosocial Approach

A comprehensive model that considers biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding behavior.

Mary Whiton Calkins

The first female president of the APA, tutored by William James.

Margaret Floy Washburn

The first woman to earn a PhD in psychology.

G. Stanley Hall

Founder of the first U.S. psychology lab and APA president.

Self-analysis

A reflective practice where individuals identify personal traits and trace their behavioral origins.