Human Physiology and Disease - Endocrinology Review

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on the endocrine system, including hormone definitions, classifications, and related disorders.

What is a hormone?

A chemical secreted into the bloodstream for transport to a distant tissue, which initiates a response in the target cell.

What are the three major classes of hormones?

Peptide hormones, steroid hormones, and amine hormones.

How do peptide hormones differ from steroid hormones in their synthesis?

Peptide hormones are made in advance and stored in secretory vesicles, while steroid hormones are synthesized on demand from precursors.

What is the role of the hypothalamus in endocrine control?

The hypothalamus secretes neurohormones that control hormone release from the anterior pituitary.

What is negative feedback in hormonal control?

A process where high levels of a hormone reduce the secretion of that hormone to maintain homeostasis.

What is Graves' disease?

An autoimmune disorder characterized by the overactivity of the thyroid gland, leading to hyperthyroidism.

What symptoms may indicate hyperthyroidism or Graves' disease?

Symptoms include weight loss, palpitations, sweating, tremors, irritability, and changes in menstrual cycles.

What type of receptor is the TSH receptor?

The TSH receptor is a membrane receptor that uses signal transduction pathways.

What are common diagnostic methods for endocrine disorders?

Blood tests for hormone levels, physical examinations, ultrasound, and antibody assays.

What is the outcome of high thyroid hormone levels on TSH secretion?

High thyroid hormone levels typically lead to decreased TSH secretion due to negative feedback.