Microbio Lab Quiz (7.1 and 7.2) and parasitology part 1

Entamoeba histolytica

Motility: pseudopod

Mode of transmission: fecal-oral

Infective stage: cyst

disease: amebiasis

parts to look for

• central karyosome

• bullseye nucleus

• consumes red blood cells

• look for RBCs inside organism

• can eat through lining of GI tract and kill host

Entamoeba histolytica image

Naegleria fowleri

Motility: pseudopod

Mode of transmission: travels up the nose

• water enters the nose of an organism then travels up olfactory nerve to the brain

Infective stage: trophozoite

disease: primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM)

parts to look for

• large karyosome that take up whole nucleus

Naegleria fowleri image

Acanthamoeba spp.

Motility: pseudopod

Mode of transmission: contaminated water or soil contact

Infective stage: trophozoite or cyst

disease: keratitis (eye), amebic encephalitis

parts to look for

• karyosome takes up half of the nucleus

Acanthamoeba spp. image

Balantidium coli

Motility: cilia

Mode of transmission: fecal-oral

Infective stage: cyst

disease: Balantidiasis

• also, may people go asymptomatic

parts to look for

• large kidney bean shaped nucleus

Balantidium coli image

giardia lamblia

Motility: flagella

Mode of transmission: fecal-oral

Infective stage: cyst

disease: Giardiasis “Hikers’ diarrhea”

parts to look for

• symmetrical heart shape

• flagella

• two nuclei

• organelles positioned in such a way that it resembles a face

giardia lamblia image

Trichomonas vaginalis

Motility: flagella

Mode of transmission: sexual intercourse

Infective stage: trophozoite

disease: Trichomoniasis

• male: usually asynptomatic

• female: vaginal discharge

parts to look for

• pear shaped

• undulating membrane

• flagella

• axostyle

Trichomonas vaginalis image

Selective media

media that contains one or more agents that inhibit the growth of certain microbe or microbes

Differential media

grows several types of microorganisms but are designed to bring out visible difference among those microorganisms

bacterial enzyme —> biochemical reaction —> color change

General Purpose Media

media that contains all the elements that most bacteria need for growth

not slective

no special growth requirement

complex media: contains milk protein (casein), soybean protein, sodium chloride

General Purpose Media examples

Tryptic Soy Agar

Brain Heart Infusion

Enriched Media

media that contains extra or higher concentrations of nutrients, vitamins, trace elements, and other growth factors that allows fastidious microbes to grow

thioglycolate

blood agar

chocolate agar

what media forms are Enriched Media

blood agar

enriched and differeintial

base: cryptic soy agar

additive: 5% sheep blood

differential: base on the ability to break down red blood cells or not

Types of blood agar red blood cells

alpha hemolytic

beta hemolytic

gamma hemolytic

alpha hemolytic

partially able to catabolize RBCs

brown to green outline around the colonies

beta hemolytic

completely catabolize RBCs

clear center around colonies

gamma hemolytic

no hemolysis

area adjacent to colonies will remain clear

Chocolate agar

enriched media

base: tryptic soy agar

additive: hemolyzed (lysed) sheep blood

used for going fastidous organisms

Thioglycolate broth

enriched media

base: tryptic soy broth

additive: thioglycolate binds with oxygen

enriched media because it allows anaerobes to grow

growth patterns based on oxygen requirements

Thioglycolate broth examples

obligate aerobe: top

obligate anaerobe: bottom

facultative anaerobe: mostly on top and some throughout

microaerophile: just below the top surface

areotoleraat aerobe: throughout

what are forms of selective media?

Phenylethyl alcohol agar

mannitol salt agar

MacConkey’s Agar

Eosin Methylene blue agar

Phenylethyl alcohol agar (PEA)

selective media

selective for gram positive bacteria

Phenylethyl Alcohol dissolves the lipopolysaccharide layer in the gram-negative

inhibits gram negative growth

Mannitol salt agar

selective differential media

selective: contains 7.5% NaCl

• NaCl favors the growth of staphylococci

differential: ability to ferment mannitol

• media contains mannitol

• pH indicator Phenol red

MacConkey’s agar

selective and differential media

Selective: contains bile salts and crystal violet

• selects gram negative enteric bacteria

• inhibits gram postive bacteria

differential: ability to ferment lactose

• media contains lactose

• pH indicator neutral red turns pink/ purple when pH is less than 6.8

Eosin Methylene Blue agar

selective differential media

Selective: contains eosin and methylene blue

• selects for gram negative enteric bacteria

• inhibits gram positive bacteria

• responsible for the color changes

differential: ability to ferment lactose

• E. coli is able to ferment lactose to produce a green metallic streak

CHROMagar

Differential Media

Differential: contains chromogens

• article substrates in the media that develop specific colors when broken down

if bacteria have the enzymes needed to ultimo a substrate

• specific color develops

CLED agar

differential media

Cystine: amino acid

Lactose: carbohydrate

Electrolyte Deficient: prevent swarming

-designed grow and quantify pathogens in urines

-pH indicators help colonies develop different colors to identify organism

Trypanosoma bruceli

motility; flagella

mode of transmission: bite from tsetse fly

infective stage: trypanomastigtoe

Host: Tsetse fly —> human

ideas; African Sleeping sickness

Trypanosoma cruzi

molitty: flagella

mode of transmission: bite from kissing bug

infective stage: trypomastigote

Host: kissing bug —> human

Disease; chaga’s disease

sickness is different

location of contraction is different

insect vector is different

differences between T. brucei and cruzi

Leishmania donovani

motility: flagella

mode of transmission: bite from sand fly

infective stage: promastigote

Host: sand fly —> human

disease: Leishmaniasis

Cryptosporidium parvum

motility: none

mode of transmission: females oral, ingestion of oocyst

infective stage: oocyst

host: humans and other animals

disease: cryptosporidiosis

toxoplasma gondii

motility: none

mode of transmission: ingestion of oocyst

infective stage: oocyst

host: feline —> rodent, bird, human

disease: toxoplasmosis

plasmodium species

motility: none

mode of transmission: bite from female anopheles mosquito

infective stage: sporozoite

host: female anopheles mojito —> human

disease: malaria

plasmodium lIfe cycle 1-3

1) sporozoites in mosquito saliva

2) injected into human hosts when mosquito take a blood meal

3) sporozoites invade the cells of the liver (hepatocytes)

plasmodium lIfe cycle 4-6

4) undergo division in the liver cells and become Merozoites

5) Merozoites exit liver cells and invade red blood cells

6) Inside red blood cells a merozoite forms a Trophozoite ring

plasmodium lIfe cycle 7-9

7) Ring stage grows and precedes more Merozoites

8) Merozoites rupture REd Blood cell and the cycle continues

9) Merozoite enters red blood cell

a) Trophozoite-merozoite path

b) Produce gametocytes

*gametocytes do not rupture RBC and are where gametes develop

plasmodium lIfe cycle 10-12

10) Mosquito will take up gametocytes with their blood

11) Gametocytes release gametes that unite in the gut of mosquito to form a zygote

12) zygote then forms an ookinete that penetrates the midgut wall

plasmodium lIfe cycle 13-14

13) the ookinete develops into an oocyst that produces sporozoites

14) sporozoite migrate to salivary glands of the mosquito

Trypanosoma bruceli

Trypanosoma cruzi

Leishmania donovani

Cryptosporidium parvum

Toxoplasma gondii

Plasmodium species

Sporozoites

Trophozoite rings

ookinete

oocyst