Psych. 1 - Unit 1: Introduction to Psychology Vocabulary

Psychology

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Hypothesis

an assumption or prediction about behavior that may be validated by scientific study

Theory

a complex explanation based on findings from many scientific studies

Scientific Method

principles and procedures for the systematic pursuit of knowledge involving the recognition and formulation of a problem, the collection of data through observation and experiment, and the formulation and testing of hypotheses

Applied Science

scientific finds to accomplish practical goals

Basic Science

the pursuit of knowledge for its own sake

Goals of Psychology:

Describe,

Explain,

Predict,

Influence

Bias

prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another

Observations

watching animals or humans in the normal

Case Studies

the study of one individual in great detail

Correlational Studies

the relationship between two variables

Surveys

series of questions asked about a topic

Random Samples

sample in which each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected to represent the whole.

Longitudinal Studies

a type of research method in which a group of participants are observed for a long period of time

Cross-sectional Studies Ethics

a research method in which different age groups are studied

Structuralism

focused on structure or basic elements of the mind

Introspection

self-observation

Functionalism

how the mind allows people to adapt, live, work, and play

Behaviorist

science of behavior that focuses on observable behavior that only must be seen and measured

Humanistic

owes far more to the early roots of psychology in the field of psychology

Cognitive

focusing on memory, intelligence, perception, problem solving, and learning

Biological

attributes of human and animal behavior to biological events occurring in the body, such as genetic influences, hormones, activity or nervous system

Evolutionary

focuses on the biological bases of universal mental characteristics that all humans share

Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic

the theory and therapy based on the work of Sigmund Freud. His parents suffered from nervous disorders with no found physical cause. He proposed there's an unconscious repress

Socio-cultural

focuses on the relationship between social behavior and culture

Gestalt Psychology

"good figure" psychology, it started with Wertheimer, who studied sensation and perception

Wilhelm Wundt

he was the first to form a laboratory dedicated to psychology. (Created in 1879) He was also the founding personality of structuralism.

William James

the father of psychology in the U.S. , functionalism

Sigmund Freud

1st to discuss the unconscious mind. He is the founder of psychoanalysis. Oedipus Complex

Ivan Pavlov

best known for discovery in classical conditioning. Conducted the dog experiment where he conditioned a dog to salivate by the ring of a bell

John Watson

believed phobias were learned. He was the founding personality of behaviorism. Known for the case study of, "Little Albert"

B.F. Skinner

he studied operant conditioning of voluntary behavior. behaviorist.

Abraham Maslow

hierarchy of needs. humanistic.

Carl Rogers

emphasized the human potential. humanistic.

Jean Piaget

child development. theory of cognitive development

Sir Francis Galton

studied on heredity and individual intelligence

Psychologist

a professional with an academic degree and specialized training in one or more areas of psychology

Clinical Psychologist

a psychologist who diagnoses and treats people with emotional problems

Differential Psychology

it addresses differences between individuals or groups. research first began in late 1800's with Sir Francis Galton

Counseling Psychologist

a psychologist who helps people deal with the problems of everyday living

Developmental Psychologist

a psychologist who studies emotional, cognitive, and other changes that occur as the individual matures

Educational Psychologist

a psychologist who studies topics related to teaching

Community Psychologist

a psychologist who works in government or private mental health or social welfare agencies

Industrial/Organizational Psychologist

a psychologist who focuses on people and work

Experimental Psychologist

a psychologist who studies sensation, perception, learning, motivation, and emotion in a controlled laboratory environment

Bio-Psychologist

a psychologist who studies its biological and physiological aspects

Forensic Psychologist

criminal profiler

Personality Psychology

study of personality and its variation among individuals

Social Psychologist

a social worker that does training

School Psychology

field that applies principles of educational psychology, developmental psychology, clinical psychology, community psychology, and applied behavior analysis to meet children's and adolescents' behavioral health and learning needs in a collaborative manner with educators and parents