Lab #4 Review - Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity

Lab #4 Review

Activation Energy

Enzymes reduce ___, the amount of energy it takes to get a reaction started

Substrate

Enzymes work by binding to ____ then converting it into products

Enzymes

made of proteins, highly influences by factors such as temperature, pH, and osmotic pressure

biological catalysts that allow chemical reactions to run at normal cellular temp/conditions

Lab #4 tested what factors of enzymes

Influence of pH, enzyme concentration, and temperature

Denature

When enzymes lose their proper 3D shape, thus losing their function

Active Site

Where the substrate binds to the enzyme

Saturated

All active sites of enzymes present are ___ with substrate - rate of production can no longer increase

Saturation

As substrate concentration increases, the rate of product production will increase until the enzyme has reached a point of _____

Hydrogen Peroxidase

Enzyme found in aerobic cells which decompose toxic hydrogen peroxide (toxin found in aerobic cells, byproduct of metabolism)

2H2O2 —> 2 H2O + O2

Proteins

What macromolecular class do enzymes belong to?

Product

Enzymes convert substrate into ___ which is then released from the active site. The enzyme is unchanged and now ready for a new substrate molecule to begin the next cycle.

Neutralize

Hydrogen Peroxidase located inside of peroxisomes ____ H2O2 into H2O and O2

37 degrees Celsius

normal body temperature, therefore the optimal temp. for hydrogen peroxidase to function.

Example of Enzyme Graph

Note: Title, Label axises, Key, intervals

Increase in enzyme concentration = faster rate of converting substrate into products

Less enzyme concentration was still producing about the same O2 from beginning to end

Effect of enzyme concentration on enzyme reaction rates

Less enzyme concentration, O2 produced in 10 sec increments was relatively consistent throughout the 60 seconds.

Thus all enzyme molecules may have been “saturated”

Enzyme saturation vs. enzyme concentration

enzymes function most efficiently at near neutral pH, similar to the pH inside liver cells where hydrogen peroxidase would be found naturally

Effect of pH on enzyme function