photosynthetic calvin cycle

what are thhree main stages of the photosynthetic calvin cycle

carbon fixation, reduction, and regenaration

what is carbon fixation

taking gaseous carbon and making it biologically available

what ensyme fixes carbon

rubisco

what is the molecule that rubsico attaches carbon to

RUBP

what else does rubisco do

help facilitate the cleavage of the five corbon sugar it just made into two three carbon molecuse

what happens during reduction

atp gives c-c-c-p and phosphate making it P-c-c-c-p then Nadph is reduced to become nadp+pi making it back to c-c-c-p but in the correct oxgen state

what is the cost for the calvon cycle

2 NAPD

what are the two photosynthetic challenges

Exess light, and rubisco catylysing o2 instead of co2

how does exess light damage plants

through the formation of ROS ( there is no final electron acceptor so it binds to oxygen and creates a reactiver oxygen species)

howdo antioxideants help with ROS

they scavange and neutralise them

why is it bad if rubisco uses o2 instead of co2

it wastes a lot of energy, though losss of carbons, and use of Atp t