Presentation of Data and Diagrammatic Presentation

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering textual presentation, tabulation, classification of tables, and diagrammatic presentation (including bar diagrams, pie diagrams, and their limitations) based on the lecture notes.

Presentation of Data

Refers to exhibiting or putting up data in an attractive and useful manner so that data can be easily analysed and interpreted.

Textual Presentation

The presentation of data in the form of text.

Tabulation

A systematic presentation of numerical data in rows and columns.

Objectives of Tabulation

Major objectives include: (i) To simplify the complex data, (ii) To economize space, (iii) To facilitate comparison, (iv) To facilitate statistical analysis, and (v) To provide reference.

Table Number

A number assigned to each table for easy identification and further reference.

Captions

The title or heading given to the columns of a table.

Stubs

The headings of horizontal rows in a table.

Body of Table

The main part of a table that contains numerical data or information.

Head Notes

Notes given in small brackets in prominent words just below the main title if the main title fails to convey complete information.

Footnotes

Notes given for clarification that help to explain data that is not clear from the main title, headings, or captions.

Source Note

Refers to the source from which data has been taken.

General Purpose Table

A table that represents the raw data in great detail and covers a variety of information on the same subject.

Special Purpose Table

A table that provides information specific to a particular enquiry, such as production figures of a company for a number of years.

Original Table

A table containing statistical facts in their original form, where figures are not rounded up.

Derived Table

A table that presents results derived from the original data, such as averages, percentages, and ratios.

Simple Table

The simplest form of a table, in which data is presented according to one characteristic only.

Complex Table

A table which presents data according to two or more characteristics.

Two-way Table

A complex table (also called a Double Table) that gives information about two interrelated characteristics of a particular phenomenon.

Three-way Table

A complex table (also called a Treble Table) that gives information regarding three interrelated characteristics of a particular phenomenon.

Manifold Table

A complex table that explains more than three characteristics of the data.

Diagrammatic Presentation

A method of presenting numerical or statistical data through the use of various types of diagrams, such as bar diagrams, pie charts, etc.

Bar Diagrams

Diagrams (also known as One-Dimensional Diagrams) in which data is presented in the form of bars or rectangles of equal width.

Simple Bar Diagram

A diagram comprising a group of rectangular bars of equal width for each class or category of data.

Multiple Bar Diagram

A bar diagram used when comparison must be made between two or more variables.

Sub-Divided Bar Diagram

A diagram where the bar corresponding to each phenomenon is divided into various components, each occupying a part of the bar proportional to its share in the total.

Percentage Bar Diagram

A sub-divided bar diagram which represents the percentage of total for each component, instead of their magnitude.

Broken-Scale Bar Diagram

A diagram used when the value of some variable is very high or low as compared to others.

Deviation Bar Diagrams

Diagrams used for representing net deviations in different variables like profit or loss, net exports or imports, etc.

Pie Diagram

A circle divided into various sections, segments, or slices to show the proportions of different components to a whole.

Limitations of Diagrammatic Presentation

Specific shortcomings of diagrammatic presentation: (i) No Utility to Experts, (ii) Limited Information, (iii) Can be used only for comparative studies, (iv) Misused Easily, (v) Lack of Further Analysis, and (vi) Minor Difference Presentation Impossible.