L1 - EBM

What is the definition of evidence based medicine?

Incorporating research evidence, clinical experience, and patient preference to provide optimal patient care.

What are the five main steps in applying evidence based medicine?

1. Develop a clinically relevant question; 2. Explore reliable evidence; 3. Evaluate evidence critically; 4. Apply the evidence; 5. Assess the impact of evidence-based medicine.

What does PICO stand for in developing clinical questions?

PICO stands for Patient/Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome.

What are the two types of evidence in evidence-based medicine?

Primary evidence (original studies) and secondary evidence (systematic reviews and meta-analyses).

What is a systematic review?

A study that aims to answer a specific research question by summarizing and appraising previously published research.

What is meta-analysis?

A statistical method that combines the results of multiple studies to generate a more precise estimate of the effect of a treatment.

What is a randomized controlled trial (RCT)?

An experiment that randomly assigns participants to treatment and control groups to evaluate the effectiveness of a treatment.

What is the purpose of blinding in clinical trials?

To reduce bias by ensuring that participants and/or researchers do not know which treatment participants receive.

What is a cohort study?

An observational study that follows groups based on exposure to determine the incidence of a specific outcome.

What are case control studies used for?

To compare individuals with a specific disease to those without, identifying potential risk factors by looking backward in time.

What is a case report?

A detailed documentation of a patient's symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up.

What is the goal of evidence-based medicine?

To enhance medical outcomes by relying on the most reliable evidence accessible while considering patient values.

What are guidelines in the context of evidence-based medicine?

Systematically formulated statements to assist practitioners and patients in determining suitable healthcare options.

What is a critically appraised topic?

A brief summary of the best available evidence on a focused question, serving as a shorter version of a systematic review.

What is selection bias?

A distortion in the outcome results due to non-random selection of participants.

What is recall bias?

A type of bias that occurs when participants do not accurately remember past events.

What are the limitations of meta-analysis?

Publication bias, quality of included studies, and limited generalization of results.