Reactions of alkenes and alcohols (chemistry only)

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1
<p>describe alkenes </p>

describe alkenes

  • The first four ethene, propene butene and pentene

  • C2H4, C3H6,C4H8,C510

  • Formed during cracking

  • Used for chemical feedstock and formation of polymers

  • React with oxygen in combustion reactions producing carbon dioxide and water but burn in a smokey yellow flame due to incomplete comustion (both types of alkene combustion release less energy per mole than alkanes)

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2

describe the addition with halogens, water,steam

halogen - Two atoms from the halogen molecules are added across the carbon carbon double bond to form a single bond breaking the double bond

Steam - The alkene react with steam at high temp adnd pressure in the presence of a catalyst to form a alcohols

Hydrogen - two atoms from the hydrogen molecule are added across the carbon carbon double bond.

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3

Why are alkenes unsaturated ?

They have double bonds meaning they have space to add other molecules by breaking the double bonds

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4

What is the functional group of alcohols?

-OH

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5

What is the first four alcohols?

Methanol

ethanol

propanol

Butanol

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6

What is the formation of alcohols?

They are formed from the fermentation of sugars. Its a warm sealed mixture of yeast and a sugar solution

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7

What are uses for alcohols?

  • alcoholic drinks

  • Perfumes

  • All four are used mixed with water so are used in a solvent for substances that dont dissolve in water

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8

How are short alcohols effective ?

They are effective fuels and comust easily burning with a blue flame proudcuing C02 and water

2CH3OH + 3O2 → 2C02 + 4H20

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9

Describe the reaction with alcohols and sodium

They react with sodium to release hydrogen producing a product called Alkoxide. Which if added to water releases a very strong alkaline solution.

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10

Describe oxidation in alcohols

They react with oxidising agents to produce carboxylic acid

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11

Describe how ethanol is produced from sugar solution (3)

Its produced from fermentation. You start by adding yeast in anaerobic conditions.

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12

Describe carboxylic acids

  • Functional group is cooh

  • First four are methanoic acid, ethanoic acid,Propanoic acid and butanoic acid

  • They are formed from the oxidation of alcohols

  • Ethanoic acid is used in vinegar

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13

How do carboxylic acids react with alcohols and sodium carbonate

  • During the reaction with sodium carbonate they react with bases to form salts

  • They react with alcohols to make water an esters.This requires sulfuric acid as a catalyst

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14

What happens when carboxylic acids are placed in water?

  • During the reaction with sodium carbonate they react with bases to form salts

  • They react with alcohols to make water an esters.This requires sulfuric acid as a catalyst

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