Cardio I- Blood

oil immersion

air has limitations when observing small things, oil helps stop light from refracting, improving quality of images

high power objectives (90x and higher) used for it

oil immersion cleanup

1. dry the wet- wipe objective and slide until no more oil shows up on the lens paper

2. wet the dry- use alcohol spray to wet lens paper and clean objective and slide

3. dry the wet- wipe again with clean lens paper

4. leave microscope in lowest objective setting (4x)

5. turn light down then off

most to least abundant leukocytes

neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils

self-antigens

antigens present on RBCs, determine blood type

inherited from parents → ABO and Rh inheritance patterns

antibodies in plasma- type a

anti-B

antibodies in plasma- type B

anti-A

antibodies in plasma- type AB

none

antibodies in plasma- type O

anti-A and anti-B

Rh factors (Rhesus)

presence or absence of Rh factor- anti-Rh antibodies not spontaneously formed

If Rh- blood is exposed to Rh+ blood

immune cells make anti-D antibody as part of immune reaction, now Rh- blood has anti-D antibody in plasma

what is the universal receiver

AB+

what is the universal donor

O-

what is the most common blood type

O+

what is the least common blood type

AB-

hematocrit

measures proportion of blood that consists of RBCs, or packed-cell volume (PCV) test

calculated as a percentage (%)

used as a diagnostic tool

hematocrit calculation

(height of RBCs (PCV) in cm)/(total height of the sample in cm) x 100

erythrocyte blood count disorders

too high= polycythemia

too low= anemia

leukocyte blood count disorders

too high= leukocytosis

too low= leukopenia

thrombocyte blood count disorder

too high= thrombocytosis

too low= thrombocytopenia