CJUS 305 Final

General Deterrence

Policies enacted for society at large, making examples of individuals to deter others from committing crimes.

Specific Deterrence

Policies enacted for individual offenders, punishment is severe enough to deter but fair and rehabilitation methods can be used.

Routine Activity Theory

Crime pattern and target search theory, crime only occurs when there is a motivated offender, suitable target, and an absence of capable guardianship.

Crime Prevention through Environmental Design

Natural surveillance, natural access control, territorial reinforcement, (cameras, safe passage ways, lights)

Life-course Theory

Life paths are influenced by our social connections and life events which can change our behavior overtime whether promoting or discouraging crime.

Maturity Gap

Proposed by Terrie Moffitt, period in adolescence where biological and social responsibilities are unequal, which can lead to deviant behavior.

Life Course Persistent (LCPs)

Neurological deficits attributed to life disruptions such as childhood trauma and an unstable household leads to severe criminal acts. Unable to defer from crime due to failure to lead social skills.

Adolescent Limited Youth (ALs)

Motivated by fitting in with their peers mimicking LCPs, but after experiencing the maturity gap, these individuals grow out of crime.

Place Management Theory

Certain areas can become hotspots for criminal activities and can even promote crime.

100 to 1 Rule

1 gram of crack cocaine equals to mandatory sentencing for 100 grams of powder cocaine. Rational influences by the assumption crack cocaine is more addictive and leads to violent behaviors most often used by African Americans compared to powder cocaine. Only true difference is intake method (snorted or smoked)