Electric Fields

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13 Terms

1
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Electric field

  • A region where charged particles experience a force

2
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Electric field strength (E)

  • The force experienced per unit positive charge

  • E = F/Q

  • Electric field strength = force experienced/charge

3
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What is the difference between gravitational field strength an electric field strength in terms of energy?

  • Gravitational is always attraction so is negative

  • Electric can be either

4
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What do the electric field lines on a point charge look like?

  • Straight lines pointing away from the point charge

  • When the field lines are closer together, the field is stronger

<ul><li><p>Straight lines pointing away from the point charge</p></li><li><p>When the field lines are closer together, the field is stronger</p></li></ul><p></p>
5
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What do the electric field lines look like between two opposing point charges?

  • The particles are attracted to each other, hence using the flow of electrons the positive goes to the negative

  • They swerve because they can’t go to the negative side due to the weaker field

<ul><li><p>The particles are attracted to each other, hence using the flow of electrons the positive goes to the negative</p></li><li><p>They swerve because they can’t go to the negative side due to the weaker field</p></li></ul><p></p>
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What do the electric field lines look between two of the same point charges?

  • Both charges repel from each other

  • Field lines never cross

<ul><li><p>Both charges repel from each other</p></li><li><p>Field lines never cross</p></li></ul><p></p>
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What do the field lines look between a charged particle and an oppositely charged wall?

  • Field lines from positive to negative normal to the wall

<ul><li><p>Field lines from positive to negative normal to the wall</p></li></ul><p></p>
8
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What do the field lines look between two oppositely charged walls?

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Coulombs law

  • The force experienced by a charge particle is directly proportional to it’s charge

  • The forced experienced between two objects is inversely proportional to the distance squared

  • F = Qq/4πε0r2

  • ε0 = Permittivity of free space = 8.85 × 10^-12

<ul><li><p>The force experienced by a charge particle is directly proportional to it’s charge</p></li><li><p>The forced experienced between two objects is inversely proportional to the distance squared</p></li><li><p>F = Qq/4πε<sub>0</sub>r<sup>2</sup></p></li><li><p>ε<sub>0</sub>&nbsp;= Permittivity of free space = 8.85 × 10^-12</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Derivation of E = V/d

W = Fd

VQ = EQd (W = VQ, E = F/Q)

E = V/d

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Gravitational fields vs electrical fields

  • G is caused by mass, E is caused by charge

  • G is always attractive, hence is always negative, E is either

  • Gravitational field strength = F/m

  • Electrical field strength = F/Q

  • F ∝ Mm and F ∝ Qq

  • F ∝ 1/r² for both

  • Equations for force and energy are different

  • Field lines are opposite for point masses/charges

12
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Electric potential energy

  • The work done to bring particles from infinity to a separation of “r”

  • E = Qq/4πε0r

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Electric potential

  • The work done per unit charge to bring a positive charge to a point from infinity

  • V = E/q = Q/4πε0r