4 - Prokaryotic Diversity (OpenStax - Microbiology)

1. The term prokaryotes refers to which of the following?

A. very small organisms

B. unicellular organisms that have no nucleus

C. multicellular organisms

D. cells that resemble animal cells more than plant cells

B. unicellular organisms that have no nucleus

2. The term microbiota refers to which of the following?

A. all microorganisms of the same species

B. all of the microorganisms involved in a symbiotic relationship

C. all microorganisms in a certain region of the human body

D. all microorganisms in a certain geographic region

C. all microorganisms in a certain region of the human body

3. Which of the following refers to the type of interaction between two prokaryotic populations in which one population benefits and the other is not affected?

A. mutualism

B. commensalism

C. parasitism

D. neutralism

B. commensalism

4. Which of the following describes Proteobacteria in domain Bacteria?

A. phylum

B. class

C. species

D. genus

A. phylum

5. All Alphaproteobacteria are which of the following?

A. oligotrophs

B. intracellular

C. pathogenic

D. all of the above

E. none of the above

A. oligotrophs

6. Class Betaproteobacteria includes all but which of the following genera?

A. Neisseria.

B. Bordetella.

C. Leptothrix.

D. Campylobacter.

C. Leptothrix.

7. Haemophilus influenzae is a common cause of which of the following?

A. influenza

B. dysentery

C. upper respiratory tract infections

D. hemophilia

C. upper respiratory tract infections

8. Which of the following is the organelle that spirochetes use to propel themselves?

A. plasma membrane

B. axial filament

C. pilum

D. fimbria

B. axial filament

9. Which of the following bacteria are the most prevalent in the human gut?

A. cyanobacteria

B. staphylococci

C. Borrelia

D. Bacteroides

D. Bacteroides

10. Which of the following refers to photosynthesis performed by bacteria with the use of water as the donor of electrons?

A. oxygenic

B. anoxygenic

C. heterotrophic

D. phototrophic

A. oxygenic

11. Which of the following bacterial species is classified as high G+C gram-positive?

A. Corynebacterium diphtheriae

B. Staphylococcus aureus

C. Bacillus anthracis

D. Streptococcus pneumonia

A. Corynebacterium diphtheriae

12. The term "deeply branching" refers to which of the following?

A. the cellular shape of deeply branching bacteria

B. the position in the evolutionary tree of deeply branching bacteria

C. the ability of deeply branching bacteria to live in deep ocean waters

D. the pattern of growth in culture of deeply branching bacteria

B. the position in the evolutionary tree of deeply branching bacteria

13. Which of these deeply branching bacteria is considered a polyextremophile?

A. Aquifex pyrophilus

B. Deinococcus radiodurans

C. Staphylococcus aureus

D. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

B. Deinococcus radiodurans

14. Archaea and Bacteria are most similar in terms of their ________.

A. genetics

B. cell wall structure

C. ecology

D. unicellular structure

C. ecology

15. Which of the following is true of archaea that produce methane?

A. They reduce carbon dioxide in the presence of nitrogen.

B. They live in the most extreme environments.

C. They are always anaerobes.

D. They have been discovered on Mars.

B. They live in the most extreme environments.

16. Among prokaryotes, there are some that can live in every environment on earth. True or False?

True

17. When prokaryotes live as interacting communities in which one population benefits to the harm of the other, the type of symbiosis is called ________.

parasitism

18. The domain ________ does not include prokaryotes.

Eukarya

19. Pathogenic bacteria that are part of the transient microbiota can sometimes be eliminated by ________ therapy.

antibiotic

20. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria provide other organisms with usable nitrogen in the form of ________.

ammonia

21. Rickettsias are ________ intracellular bacteria.

obligate

22. The species ________, which belongs to Epsilonproteobacteria, causes peptic ulcers of the stomach and duodenum.

Helicobacter pylori

23. The genus Salmonella belongs to the class ________ and includes pathogens that cause salmonellosis and typhoid fever.

Gammaproteobacteria

24. The bacterium that causes syphilis is called ________.

Treponema pallidum pallidum

25. Bacteria in the genus Rhodospirillum that use hydrogen for oxidation and fix nitrogen are ________ bacteria.

purple nonsulfur

26. Streptococcus is the ________ of bacteria that is responsible for many human diseases.

genus

27. One species of Streptococcus, S. pyogenes, is a classified as a ________ pathogen due to the characteristic production of pus in infections it causes.

pyogenic

28. Propionibacterium belongs to ________ G+C gram-positive bacteria. One of its species is used in the food industry and another causes acne.

high

29. The length of the branches of the evolutionary tree characterizes the evolutionary ________ between organisms.

distance

30. The deeply branching bacteria are thought to be the form of life closest to the last universal ________ ________.

common ancestor

31. Many of the deeply branching bacteria are aquatic and hyperthermophilic, found near underwater volcanoes and thermal ocean ________.

vents

32. The deeply branching bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans is able to survive exposure to high doses of ________.

ionizing radiation

33. ________ is a genus of Archaea. Its optimal environmental temperature ranges from 70 °C to 80 °C, and its optimal pH is 2-3. It oxidizes sulfur and produces sulfuric acid.

Sulfolobus

34. ________ was once thought to be the cause of periodontal disease, but, more recently, the causal relationship between this archaean and the disease was not confirmed.

Methanobrevibacter oralis