Integumentary system survey of A&P 1500

What is the integumentary system?

The body system made up of the skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and oil glands.

What are the two main layers of the skin?

epidermis and dermis

What is the epidermis?

outermost layer of skin

What is the dermis?

the layer under the epidermis that contains blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, and glands.

What is the hypodermis?

The layer under the dermis that contains mostly fat and connective tissue.

Whats another name for hypodermis?

subcutaneous layer

What are the main functions of the skin?

Protection, temperature regulation, sensation, vitamin D production, and preventing water loss.

What type of tissue makes up the epidermis?

Epithelial tissue

What type of epithelial tissue makes up the epidermis?

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

What is keratin?

A strong protein that helps protect the skin, hair, and nails.

What cells produce keratin?

Keritnocytes

What cells produce melanin

melanocytes

What is melanin?

a pigment that gives skin its color and helps protect against UV radiation.

What are the layers of the epidermis from deepest to most superficial?

Basale → Spinosum → Granulosum → Lucidum → Corneum

What is the stratum basale?

The deepest layer of the epidermis where new skin cells are produced.

What is the stratum corneum?

The outermost layer made mostly of dead, keratinized cells.

Which epidermal layer is only found in thick skin?

stratum lucidum

Where is thick skin found?

Palms of the hands and soles of the feet

Where is thin skin found?

Most of the body

What are the five layers of the epidermis?

stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

What is the papillary layer?

upper layer of the dermis

What is the reticular layer?

deeper and thicker layer of the dermis

What is found in the dermis?

Blood vessels, nerves, sensory receptors, hair follicles, sweat glands, and oil glands.

What are sweat glands also called?

Sudoriferous glands

What is the function of sweat glands?

They produce sweat to help cool the body.

What are oil glands called?

sebaceous glands

What do sebaceous glands produce?

sebum (oil)

What does sebum do?

Helps lubricate and protect the skin and hair.

What is a hair follicle?

structure in the skin where hair grows

What is the function of hair?

Protection, temperature regulation, sensation

What are nails made mostly of?

Keratin

What is the function of nails?

Protect and support tips of fingers and toes

What causes goosebumps?

Arrector pili muscles contracting and pulling hair upright.

What are arrector pili muscles?

tiny smooth muscles attached to hair follicles

What receptors detect pain?

Nociceptors

What receptors detect temperature?

thermoreceptors

What receptors detect touch?

mechanoreceptors

What is the skin's role in temperature regulation?

it helps control body temperature through sweating and changes in blood flow.

What happens to skin blood vessels when the body is hot?

they diilate

What happens to skin blood vessels when the body is cold?

they constrict, helping reserve heat

What vitamin can the skin help produce?

vitamin D

Why is vitamin D important?

it helps the body absorb calcium and maintain healthy bones.

What are accessory structures of the integumentary system?

hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.

What is the main protective function of the skin?

it protects the body from injury, pathogens, UV radiation, and water loss.

What is the basement membrane?

a thin layer that connects the epidermis to the dermis.

What is a fingerprint?

a pattern created by dermal papillae

What are dermal papillae?

small projections of the dermis that increase contact between the dermis and epidermis.

Why does skin heal after an injury?

skin cells divide and replace damaged or lost cells.

What is the main difference between epidermis and dermis?

the epidermis is the outer protective layer, while the dermis is deeper and contains blood vessels, nerves, glands, and hair follicles.

What are the two layers of the dermis?

papillary layer and reticular layer

What type of tissue is the epidermis?

epithelial tissue (stratified squamous)

What type of tissue is the dermis?

connective tissue

What type of connective tissue is in the papillary layer of the dermis?

areolar connective tissue

What type of connective tissue is in the reticular layer of the dermis?

dense irregular connective tissue

What is the hypodermis mostly made of?

areolar and adipose (fat) connective tissue