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Central Nervous System (CNS)
Includes the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Comprises nerves attaching to the CNS
Neuron Functional Classification
Neurons categorized by impulse direction relative to CNS
Somatic Nervous System (SNS)
Controls voluntary and involuntary skeletal muscle contractions
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Regulates smooth and cardiac muscle activity
Sympathetic Division
Triggers 'fight or flight' response
Parasympathetic Division
Manages 'rest and digest' functions
Preganglionic Fibers
Axons synapsing on peripheral ganglionic neurons
Postganglionic Fibers
Extend from peripheral ganglion to target organs
Ganglion Cell Body
Cell body of neurons in ganglia outside the CNS
Adrenergic Alpha (a) Receptors
Receptors affecting smooth muscle cells and vasodilation
Muscarinic Receptors
Receptors at cholinergic junctions in parasympathetic system
Nicotine Poisoning
Symptoms include high blood pressure and profuse salivation
Muscarine Poisoning
Causes nausea, constriction of respiratory passages
Adrenergic Beta (b) Receptors
Influence heart rate, muscle relaxation, and lipolysis
Autonomic Tone
Balances effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
Autonomic Innervation: The Heart
Dual innervation affects heart rate through neurotransmitters
Autonomic Innervation: Blood Vessel Dilation
Sympathetic fibers regulate muscle contraction for blood flow
Loss Of Vasomotor Tone
Causes conditions like vasogenic and neurogenic shock