Textiles Exam - Vocabulary

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from textiles exam revision notes.

Bobbin

Equipment used to hold the lower thread in a sewing machine, working with the upper thread to form stitches.

Tape measure

Used to take precise measurements of fabric, patterns, or body dimensions.

Thread spool

Equipment used to hold the upper thread in a sewing machine, working with the bobbin to create stitches.

Quilting ruler

Used to measure and cut fabric accurately for quilting and sewing projects.

Fabric pins

Used to hold layers of fabric together temporarily while sewing, cutting, or marking.

Fabric chalk

Used to mark fabric with temporary guidelines for cutting, sewing, or stitching.

Pattern pieces

Used to guide the cutting of fabric into specific shapes needed to construct a garment or project.

Quick unpick

Used to remove stitches that were sewn incorrectly or need to be adjusted.

Ironing board

Provides a flat, padded surface for pressing fabric and seams during the sewing process.

Rotary cutter

Used to cut fabric quickly and accurately in straight lines or curves.

Pin cushion

Used to store pins safely while sewing.

Safety pin

Used for threading cords through casings.

Hazardous

Refers to something that is dangerous or risky.

Sewing machine

Join pieces of fabric together using thread, creating seams.

Fabric scissors

Designed to cut fabric accurately and cleanly.

Steam iron

To press and smooth fabric.

Textile Fibre

The smallest unit of a textile material, used in the production of a fabric usually flexible.

Yarn

Long continuous length of interlocked fibres, suitable for use in the production of textiles.

Staple Fibre

Short, choppy, ranging from 15 to 150 millimetres in length.

Filament fibre

Long and continuous.

Step 1 of Spinning Process

The fibres are cleaned or made.

Step 2 of Spinning Process

The fibres are combed.

Step 3 of Spinning Process

The fibres are drawn out to create slivers.

Step 4 of Spinning Process

The fibres are twisted.

Fabric

Cloth or material produced by weaving or knitting yarns or other construction processes.

Warp yarns

Vertical yarns (which run parallel to the selvedge edge).

Weft yarns

Horizontal yarns (which run perpendicular to the selvedge edge).

Plain weave

Each weft yarn passes over one warp yarn then under the one warp yarn (one over, one under etc.).

Twill weave

Has a diagonal pattern because the weft yarns cross over and under two or more warp yarns.

Satin weave

Four or more weft yarns floating over one warp yarn.

Knitted fabrics

Constructed by interloping one or more yarns.

Non-woven fabric

Made by directly converting fibres (that have not undergone the spinning process) into a fabric (fibres never become yarns).

How are textile fibers classified (grouped together)

Where they come from according to their source and whey they originate

Natural Fibers

Fibers that have come from plants or animals

Manufactured Fibers

Fibers that are created through chemical processes.

Cellulose Fibers

Plant Fibers

Protein Fibers

Animal fibers

Natural Textile Fibers

coir, cotton, hemp, angora, wool, silk, mohair, sisal

Stages of Producing yarn

Shearing

Cleaning

Carding

Spinning

Weaving

Why is silk considered a elegant and luxurious textile?

Because many cocoons are needed to create small pieces of silk and it is a long and time consuming process. 3000 cocoons needed to produce 1 pound

Textile Fibers

Synthetic fibers are all man made fibers created from chemicals through chemical processes in factories and don’t come from natural sources

Regenerated Fibers

Fibers made from natural materials using chemical processes.

Manufactured fibers

nylon, polyster, rayon, viscose

Fiber Assembly

The process of turning fibers into usable forms. The fibers are untangled and laid parallell to one another to achieve some order.

Staple Fibres

cotton, hemp, wool, jute, angora, linen, mohair

Filament fibres

silk, rayon, polyster, nylon

Characteristics of yarns made from filament fibres

shinier, stronger, smoother, less likely to pill

Common process used to turn fibres into yarn

Spinning

3 main types of fabric construction methods

woven, knitted, non-woven

Warp yarns

strong and inelastic

Weft yarns

weaker, shorter, some elasticity

Woven fabrics

plain, twill, satin

Plain Weave

calico, broadcloth

Non Woven fabric stages

Formation of a web of fibers

Bonding of the web to hold fibers in place

Bonding methods used to construct non woven fabrics

Mechanical, Chemical, Thermal Bonding

Examples of fabrics which are not classified as woven, knitted, or non woven

Lace, Braided fabrics, mesh,