BSCI201 Lab Practical 1

Abdominal

Pertaining to the anterior body trunk region inferior to the ribs

Acrominal

Pertaining to the point of the shoulder

Antebrachial

Pertaining to the forearm

Antecubital

Pertaining to the anterior surface of the elbow

Axillary

Pertaining to the armpit

Brachial

Pertaining to the arm

Buccal

Pertaining to the cheek

Carpal

Pertaining to the wrist

Cephalic

Pertaining to the head

Cervical

Pertaining to the neck region

Axial

Relating to the head, neck, and truck, the axis of the body

Appendicular

Relating to the limbs and their attachments to the axis

Coxal

Pertaining to the hip

Crural

Pertaining to the leg

Digital

Pertaining to the fingers or toes

Femoral

Pertaining to the thigh

Fibular (peroneal)

Pertaining to the side of the leg

Frontal

Pertaining to the forehead

Hallux

Pertaining to the great toe

Inguinal

Pertaining to the groin

Mammary

Pertaining to the breast

Manus

Pertaining to the hand

Mental

Pertaining to the chin

Nasal

Pertaining to the nose

Oral

Pertaining to the mouth

Orbital

Pertaining to the bony eye socket (orbit)

Palmar

Pertaining to the palm of the hand

Patellar

Pertaining to the anterior knee (kneecap) region

Pedal

Pertaining to the foot

Pelvic

Pertaining to the pelvis region

Pollex

Pertaining to the thumb

Pubic

Pertaining to the genital region

Sternal

Pertaining to the region of the breastbone

Tarsal

Pertaining to the ankle

Thoracic

Pertaining to the chest

Umbilical

Pertaining to the navel

Calcaneal

Pertaining to the heel of the foot

Dorsum

Pertaining to the back

Gluteal

Pertaining to the buttocks or rump

Lumbar

Pertaining to the area of the back between the ribs and hips; the loin

Occipital

Pertaining to the posterior aspect of the head or the base of the skull

Olecranal

Pertaining to the posterior aspect of the elbow

Otic

Pertaining to the ear

Perineal

Pertaining to the region between the anus and external genitalia

Plantar

Pertaining to the sole of the foot

Popliteal

Pertaining to the back of the knee

Sacral

Pertaining to the region between the hips (overlying the sacrum)

Scapular

Pertaining to the scapula or shoulder blade area

Sural

Pertaining to the calf or posterior surface of the leg

Vertebral

Pertaining to the area of the spinal column

Superior

Above another structure

Inferior

Below another structure

Anterior

Toward the front of the body

Posterior

Toward the back of the body

Medial

Toward the midline

Lateral

Away from the midline

Anatomical Position

1. Human body is erect

2. Feet are slightly apart

3. Head and toes pointed forward

4. Arms hanging at the sides with palms facing forward

Cephalad (cranial)

Toward the head (cranial).

Caudal

Toward the tail.

Dorsal

Pertaining to the backside of the body

Ventral

Pertaining to the belly side of the body

Proximal

Nearer to the truck or attached end

Distal

Farther from the truck or point of attachment

Superficial (external)

Toward or at the body surface

Deep (internal)

Away from the body surface

Sagittal plane

A longitudinal plane that divides the body into (UNEQUAL) right and left parts.

Midsagittal plane

A longitudinal plane that divides the body into (EQUAL) right and left parts.

Frontal (coronal) plane

A longitudinal plane that divides the body (or an organ) into anterior and posterior parts

Transverse plane

A horizontal plane that divides the body (or organ) into superior and inferior parts

Dorsal cavity

Subdivided into the cranial and vertebral (spinal) cavities

Cranial cavity

Encloses the brane within the rigid skull. Continuous with the brain and thus, the vertebral (spinal) cavity.

Vertebral (spinal) cavity

Protects the spinal cord by the bony vertebral column. Continuous with the brain and thus, the cranial cavity.

Ventral body cavity

Subdivided into the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

Thoracic cavity

Separated from the rest of the ventral body cavity by the diaphragm. Contains heart and longs, which afforded some measure of protection by the bony rib cage.

Abdominopelvic cavity

Subdivided into the abdominal and pelvic cavities

Abdominal cavity

Houses the stomach, intestines, liver. Contains the digestive viscera.

Pelvic cavity

Houses the reproductive organs, bladder, and rectum. Partially enclosed by the bony pelvis. NOT continuous with the abdominal cavity.

Serous membrane

Thin, double-layered membrane that covers the walls of the ventral body cavity and outer surfaces of the organs in the ventral body cavity.

Parietal serosa

Membrane that lines the ventral body cavity walls

Visceral serosa

Membrane that covers the external surface of the organs within the ventral body cavity

Peritoneum

Membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers its organs

Pleura

Membrane that encloses the lungs

Pericardium

Membrane around the heart

The adominopelvic four quadrants

1. Right upper quadrant

2. Left upper quadrant

3. Right lower quadrant

4. Left lower quadrant

Right upper quadrant

Liver

Gallbladder

Duodenum

Head of the pancreas

Right Adrenal gland

Upper lobe of right kidney

Hepatic flexure of colon

Section of ascending colon

Section of transverse colon

Left upper quadrant

Left lower part of liver

Upper lobe of left kidney

Splenic flexure of colon

Section of transverse colon

Section of descending colon

Stomach

Spleen

Pancreas

Left Adrenal gland

Right lower quadrant

Contains portions of small intestines and colon, right ovary and fallopian tube, appendix, and right ureter

Left lower quadrant

Contains portions of small intestines and colon, left ovary and fallopian tube, and left ureter

The adominopelvic nine regions

1. Right hypochondriac region

2. Right lumbar region

3. Right iliac (inguinal) region

4. Epigastric region

5. Umbilical region

6. Hypogastric (pubic) region

7. Left hypochondriac region

8. Left lumbar region

9. Left iliac (inguinal) region

Right hypochondriac region

Flanking the epigastric region laterally and overlying the lower ribs.

Liver

Gall bladder

Small intestine

Ascending colon

Transverse colon

Right kidney

Epigastric region

Immediately superior to the umbilical region; overlies most of the stomach.

Esophagus

Stomach

Liver

Pancreas

Small intestine

Transverse colon

Right and left adrenal glands

Right and left kidneys

Right and left ureters

Spleen

Left hypochondriac region

Flanking the epigastric region laterally and overlying the lower ribs.

Stomach

Tip of liver

Tail of pancreas

Small intestines

Transverse colon

Descending colon

Pancreas

Left kidney

Spleen

Right lumbar region

Between the ribs and the flaring portions of the hip bones; lateral to the umbilical region.

Tip of liver

Gall bladder

Small intestine

Ascending colon

Right kidney

Umbilical region

The centermost region, which includes the umbilicus.

Stomach

Pancreas

Small intestine

Transverse colon

Pancreas

Right and left kidneys

Right and left ureters

Left lumbar region

Between the ribs and the flaring portions of the hip bones; lateral to the umbilical region.

Small intestine

Descending colon

Tip of left kidney

Right iliac (inguinal) region

Lateral to the hypogastric (pubic) region and overlying the superior parts of the hip bones.

Small intestine

Appendix

Cecum

Ascending colon

Female-right ovary,

Female-right fallopian tube

Hypogastric (pubic) region

Immediately inferior to the umbilical region; encompasses the pubic area.

Contains:

Small intestine, sigmoid colon, rectum, right and left ureters, urinary bladder; Female-uterus, right and left ovaries, right and left Fallopian tubes; Male- vas deferens, seminal vesicle, prostate

Left iliac (inguinal) region

Lateral to the hypogastric (pubic) region and overlying the superior parts of the hip bones.

Contains:

Small intestine, descending colon, sigmoid colon; Female- left ovary, left Fallopian tube.

Oral cavity

Otherwise called the mouth. Contains the tongue and teeth. It is continuous with the rest of the digestive tube, which opens to the exterior at the anus.

Nasal cavity

Located within and posterior to the nose. It is part of the passages of the respiratory system.