Learn: AP World History Unit 1 Vocab | Quizlet

Song Dynasty (960-1279 CE)

The Chinese dynasty that placed much more emphasis on civil administration, industry, education, and arts other than military.

Confucianism

The system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his disciples, stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony in thought and conduct.

Filial Piety (Confucianism)

A virtue of respect for one's parents, elders, and ancestors.

Imperial Bureaucracy

Division of an empire into organized provinces to make it easier to control.

Neo-Confucianism

A philosophy that emerged in Song-dynasty China; it revived Confucian thinking while adding in Buddhist and Daoist elements.

Buddhism in China

Spread by the Silk Roads, took form of Mahayana Buddhism. Blended with Daoism, formed 'Chan Buddhism' (aka Zen Buddhism).

Champa Rice

A quick-maturing, drought resistant rice that can allow two harvests, of sixty days each in one growing season.

Grand Canal

Built in 7th century during reign of Yangdi during Sui dynasty; designed to link original centers of Chinese civilization on the north China plain with the Yangtze river basin.

Textile Industry

Industries primarily concerned with the design or manufacture of clothing as well as the distribution and use of textiles.

Porcelain

A thin, beautiful pottery invented in China; one of China's 3 major exports.

Steel and iron production

A key element during the Song Economic Revolution; helped popularize mass production and new production methods.

Islam

A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran.

Judaism

A religion with a belief in one god. It originated with Abraham and the Hebrew people, preserving their early history in the Old Testament.

Christianity

A monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament, emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior.

Abbasid Caliphate

Third of the Islamic Caliphates. Rulers built their capital in Baghdad after overthrowing the Umayyad caliphs starting in 750 CE.

Turks

Central Asian nomads related to Xiongnu peoples. Organized as tribes that constantly fought each other, most converted to Islam and sought to trade with settled people.

Seljuk Empire

An empire formed by Turkish and Persian Sunnis, lasting from 1037 to 1194 A.D.

Mamluks

Turkic military slaves under the Islamic system of military slavery who eventually founded their own state, ruling Egypt and Syria (1250-1517).

Delhi Sultanates

Five dynasties that ruled over the city of Delhi in India for about 320 years beginning in 1206, spreading Islamic influence across northern India.

Sufis

Mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, & simple life.

Dar al-Islam

An Arabic term that means the 'house of Islam' and refers to lands under Islamic rule.

Abbasid Dynasty

A dynasty that ruled much of the Muslim Empire from 750 to about 1250.

Hinduism

A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms.

Bhakti Movement

A Hindu movement emphasizing devotion to God (Salvation); women began to receive greater importance and recognition in society.

Monasticism

A way of life in which men and women withdraw from the rest of the world in order to devote themselves to their faith in monasteries and nunneries.

Great Zimbabwe

A powerful state in the African interior that emerged from the growing trade in gold to the East African coast; flourished between 1250 and 1350 C.E.

Hausa Kingdoms

1 kingdom divided into 7 states connected through kinship or ethnic ties, ruled separately, benefiting economically from trans-Saharan trade.

Decentralization

Degree to which decision-making authority is given to lower levels in an organization's hierarchy.

Feudalism

Medieval European social system where nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and peasants worked the land.

Manorial System

Self-sufficient economic structure representing the relationship between the Lord and the peasants or serfs who produced necessary goods.

Free Labor

Wage-paying rather than slave labor.

Coerced Labor

A system where workers were forced to work based on threats, pressure, or intimidation.

Serfdom

Feudal system using serfs to work the land in return for protection against barbarian invasions.

Heian Period

The era in Japanese history from A.D. 794-1185 where arts and writing flourished.

Theravada Buddhism

The older of the two major branches of Buddhism, practiced mainly in Sri Lanka, Thailand, Burma, and Cambodia, holding close to original teachings.

Mahayana Buddhism

Popular Buddhism that allows people more ways to reach enlightenment, where bodhisattvas can help.

Tibetan Buddhism

A Buddhist doctrine including Indian elements and preexisting shamanism, teaching that people can use special techniques to achieve nirvana in a single lifetime.

House of Wisdom in Baghdad

Large Islamic-based library and learning center focused on converting Greek, Roman, and Indian classics into Arabic.

Nasir al-Din Tusi

Persian mathematician and cosmologist who inspired the Copernican model of the solar system.

Rajput Kingdoms

Several different kingdoms in India emphasizing wealth, sexism, and warrior-like honor.

Khmer Empire

The most powerful and longest-lasting kingdom on the mainland of southwest Asia, centering in modern-day Cambodia.

Sukhothai Kingdom

The first Thai kingdom.

Sinhalese

A member of a people originally from northern India, now forming the majority of the population of Sri Lanka.

Mayan Civilization

Pre-Columbian civilization of the Yucatán Peninsula with ceremonial cities, pyramids, math/calendar systems, and hieroglyphic writing.

Incas

Native American civilization in western South America centered in present-day Peru, later conquered by Francisco Pizarro.

Chaco Canyon

An urban center established by Anasazi in southern New Mexico featuring adobe houses and kivas for religious functions.

Mesa Verde

The largest complex of Anasazi cliff-dwellings in the United States Southwest, built between ~1150 and 1300 AD.

Cahokia

Mississippian settlement near present-day East St. Louis, home to as many as 25,000 Native Americans.