Exam 1 Drugs

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key pharmacological agents, their mechanisms, and clinical uses based on the lecture notes.

Phenytoin

Blocks voltage-gated sodium channels; used for focal and tonic-clonic seizures.

Carbamazepine

Sodium channel blocker; used for focal seizures, trigeminal neuralgia, bipolar disorder.

Valproic Acid

Blocks sodium channels, suppresses calcium influx, increases GABA; used for broad-spectrum seizures, bipolar disorder, migraines.

Oxcarbazepine

Sodium channel blocker; used for focal seizures.

Gabapentin

Reduces glutamate release via calcium channels; used for seizures, neuropathic pain.

Pregabalin

Reduces excitatory neurotransmitter release; used for seizures, neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia.

Levetiracetam

Modulates synaptic vesicle proteins; used for focal and generalized seizures.

Lorazepam

Enhances GABA activity; used for status epilepticus, anxiety.

Levodopa

Dopamine precursor crossing the BBB; used for Parkinson’s disease.

Carbidopa

Prevents peripheral breakdown of levodopa; used with levodopa in Parkinson’s.

Pramipexole

Dopamine agonist; used for Parkinson’s disease, restless legs.

Selegiline

MAO-B inhibitor decreasing dopamine breakdown; used for Parkinson’s disease.

Interferon Beta

Immunomodulator; used for multiple sclerosis.

Glatiramer Acetate

Alters T-cell immune response; used for multiple sclerosis.

Natalizumab

Prevents immune cells crossing BBB; used for multiple sclerosis.

Cladribine

Depletes B and T lymphocytes; used for multiple sclerosis.

Mitoxantrone

Immunosuppressant; used for multiple sclerosis.

Donepezil

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor increasing acetylcholine; used for Alzheimer’s disease.

Rivastigmine

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor; used for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s dementia.

Memantine

NMDA receptor antagonist; used for Alzheimer’s disease.

Cyclobenzaprine

CNS depressant muscle relaxant; used for muscle spasms.

Methocarbamol

CNS depressant muscle relaxant; used for muscle spasms.

Baclofen

GABA-B agonist reducing spinal reflexes; used for spasticity.

Diazepam

Enhances GABA activity; used for spasticity, seizures, anxiety.

Methotrexate

Suppresses immune cell proliferation; used for rheumatoid arthritis.

Sulfasalazine

Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agent; used for rheumatoid arthritis.

Etanercept

TNF-alpha inhibitor; used for rheumatoid arthritis.

Colchicine

Decreases neutrophil activity; used for acute gout flares.

Allopurinol

Xanthine oxidase inhibitor; used for chronic gout.

Probenecid

Increases renal uric acid excretion; used for chronic gout.

Pegloticase

Converts uric acid to allantoin; used for refractory gout.

Alendronate

Inhibits osteoclast activity; used for osteoporosis.

Zoledronate

Inhibits osteoclast-mediated bone resorption; used for osteoporosis.

Denosumab

RANKL inhibitor decreasing osteoclast formation; used for osteoporosis.

Raloxifene

Selective estrogen receptor modulator; used for postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Lecanemab

Monoclonal antibody targeting amyloid beta; used for Alzheimer's disease.

memantine

NMDA receptor antagonist, reducing glutamate mediated excitotoxicity, used for moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease.

oxycarbazepine

sodium channel blocker; used primarily for epilepsy