Exam Study Notes (copy)

The attraction between water molecules is due to __ bonding.

Hydrogen

Table salt (NaCl) dissolves in water because ions are attracted to __ charges.

opposite

__ is when water sticks to a surface.

Adhesion

__ refers to water molecules attracting each other.

Cohesion

Surface tension is caused by and .

cohesion and adhesion

Polarity makes __ bonds possible and is a great solvent.

hydrogen

In solid form, __ molecules are slow-moving.

ice

In liquid form, water molecules move more __.

freely

Ice is __ dense than liquid water.

less

The dependent variable in an experiment measuring plant growth is __ height.

plant

The independent variable in the same experiment is __ nitrate.

ammonium

Lipids serve to separate and environments in cells.

internal and external

Amino acids contain carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and __.

hydrogen

Key difference between amino acids and fatty acids: Amino acids contain __.

nitrogen

Carbohydrates are macromolecules made of __, __, and __.

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Aquatic birds have waxy substances that repel __.

water

Lactose is a __ made of glucose and galactose.

disaccharide

Lactose intolerance is the difficulty in digesting __ products.

dairy

Sugar and salt are __; fats and oils are __.

polar; nonpolar

The nucleolus in a cell is responsible for making __.

ribosomes

Lysosomes in a cell are involved in __ bacteria.

digesting

The nucleus contains __.

DNA

The cell membrane maintains __.

homeostasis

The main role of chloroplasts is __.

photosynthesis

Cell theory states that all living things are made of __; cells are the __ units of life; and cells come from __.

cells; basic; other cells

The __ is the gel-like fluid inside a cell.

cytoplasm

Robert Hooke was the first to see __.

cells

The outer boundary of plant cells is called the __.

cell wall

Mitochondria are known as the cell's __.

powerhouse

Diffusion occurs from a concentration to a concentration.

high; low

Facilitated diffusion requires a carrier protein but does not require __.

energy

Active transport __ energy to move substances against a concentration gradient.

requires

In a hypotonic solution, a cell __, while in a hypertonic solution, it __.

swells; shrinks

In an isotonic solution like IV fluids, the cell maintains __.

equilibrium

Cytosine constitutes __% of DNA, while adenine makes up __% of the complement.

38; 12

In DNA, thymine pairs with __.

adenine

DNA and RNA differ in that RNA contains __ instead of thymine.

uracil

Rosalind Franklin used __ to photograph DNA.

X-ray crystallography

Watson and Crick were awarded the Nobel Prize for discovering the structure of __.

DNA

The __ of life refers to the genetic blueprint contained in DNA.

blueprint

A __ is formed from the dehydration synthesis of amino acids.

polypeptide

The segment of DNA includes __ nucleotides bonded together.

8

A mutational change in DNA sequence is referred to as a __ mutation.

gene