Separation techniques.

What defines a mixture in chemistry?

A mixture is 2 or more elements that are not chemically bonded.

What happens when elements in a mixture chemically bond?

A new substance is created and it is no longer a mixture.

What is one method to separate magnetic materials from non-magnetic materials?

Using a magnet to attract magnetic materials such as iron.

How does a funnel and filter paper work in separating mixtures?

It allows small particles to pass through while larger particles remain on the filter paper.

What is a sieve used for in separating mixtures?

A sieve allows particles smaller than its holes to pass through while larger particles are retained.

What is a solution?

A mixture formed when a solid or gas dissolves into a liquid.

What is the equation for a solution?

Solute + Solvent = Solution.

How can solutions be tested?

By taste/smell, boiling point consistency, and mass measurement.

What is solubility?

How easy it is for a solute to dissolve into a solvent.

What is a saturated solution?

A solution with the maximum mass of solute dissolved.

What is filtration?

The process of separating a liquid from an insoluble solid.

Why can solute not be filtered from a solution?

Because the solute has dissolved in the solvent.

What is evaporation?

The process of a liquid turning into a gas.

What is distillation?

The separation of substances using evaporation and condensation based on different boiling points.

What does chromatography separate based on?

The solubility of the substances in the solvent.

What must be noted about the baseline when performing chromatography?

The baseline must be in pencil to avoid contaminating the ink spot.

Why must the baseline be above the solvent in chromatography?

So the ink can move up the paper properly.

Where should the bottom of the chromatography paper be placed?

It must be touching/in the solvent for the water to move up.