Introduction to Psychology: Motivation, Emotion, and Intelligence Lecture Notes

Comprehensive fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards covering motivation, emotion, stress, cognitive processes, language, and psychological health based on lecture notes.

In Maslow's Hierarchy of needs, the highest level where a person reaches their full potential is __________.

Self-Actualization

According to Maslow, __________ needs must generally be met before higher ones can be addressed.

Lower

Hunger, thirst, and sleep are examples of __________ drives.

Primary

Money, success, and grades are classified as __________ drives because they are learned.

Secondary

In Drive-reduction Theory, the sequence follows: Need \rightarrow __________ \rightarrow Behavior \rightarrow Need Satisfied.

Drive

The fact that people with __________ restrict food despite biological drives shows that behavior is not solely controlled by biology.

Anorexia

The __________ theory of emotion suggests that a physical response occurs first, followed by the emotion.

James-Lange Theory

The __________ theory states that a physical response and emotion happen simultaneously.

Cannon-Bard Theory

The Schachter-Singer (Two-Factor) Theory posits that emotion depends on both physical arousal and __________.

thinking about the situation

Hans Selye's General Adaption Syndrome (GAS) consists of three stages: Alarm, Resistance, and __________.

Exhaustion

The __________ stage of GAS is where resources are depleted, and illness or burnout can occur.

Exhaustion

A(n) __________ is a step-by-step method that always works if followed correctly but is slower than other methods.

Algorithm

A __________ is a mental shortcut that is faster but may lead to incorrect conclusions.

Heuristic

__________ is the cognitive bias where a person only sees one use for an object.

Functional Fixedness

The cognitive bias known as __________ involves looking only for information that agrees with what you already believe.

Confirmation Bias

Language development begins with the babbling stage at approximately __________ months.

$$4$$

Noam Chomsky argued that language is innate and humans are born with a __________.

Language Acquisition Device (LAD)

B.F. Skinner believed language is learned through __________ and imitation.

reinforcement

The __________ Hypothesis states that language influences how we think and perceive the world.

Sapir-Whorf

A(n) __________ test measures future potential, while a(n) __________ test measures what has already been learned.

Aptitude; Achievement

In a normal distribution bell curve, the average IQ score is exactly __________.

$$100$$

About __________ of people have an IQ in the average range of $85-115$.

$$68\%$$

The defense mechanism __________ involves blocking painful memories from consciousness.

Repression

The defense mechanism __________ occurs when a person blames others for their own feelings, such as a cheater accusing their partner of cheating.

Projection

The __________ model posits that psychological disorders develop from a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors.

Biopsychosocial