Brain Anatomy and Function Review

These flashcards cover key concepts regarding brain anatomy, particularly focusing on the cranial nerves and their functions, as well as the roles of different brain structures.

What is the primary function of the thalamus in the brain?

The thalamus serves as a major relay station for sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex.

What are the cranial nerves associated with the medulla oblongata?

They include cranial nerves such as the glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, and hypoglossal, which are involved in motor, sensory, and autonomic functions.

What is ataxia, and what can cause it?

Ataxia is a loss of control of body movements, often caused by damage to the cerebellum due to trauma, stroke, or intoxication.

How does the autonomic nervous system function in relation to cranial nerves?

Autonomic nuclei in cranial nerves regulate involuntary visceral activities such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory functions.

What is the role of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum?

Purkinje cells are large motor neurons that process signals and coordinate fine motor control by receiving inputs from multiple synapses.

What does the RAS (Reticular Activating System) control?

The RAS maintains consciousness and arousal levels; its impairment can lead to loss of consciousness.

How do cranial nerves relate to their respective functions?

Each cranial nerve has specific functions such as sensory (olfactory for smell), motor (oculomotor for eye movement), or mixed (trigeminal for both sensory and motor functions).

What is the significance of the cerebellum's gray matter?

The gray matter in the cerebellum allows for a high density of neurons, facilitating complex motor control and coordination.

What happens during synaptic transmission at relay stations like nuclei?

During synaptic transmission, neurotransmitters are released across the synaptic cleft, stimulating the next neuron to propagate an action potential.

Why is understanding the layout of cranial nerves important for exams?

Knowing the cranial nerve layout aids in identifying their functions, and their locations in relation to the brainstem is often tested.