Revolutions of 1848 Reading Questions

What Great Powers did not experience a revolution of 1848?

GB, Belgium, Russia, Netherlands, Ottoman Empire. (GB and Russia big ones)

What French monarch abdicated as a result of the February revolution of 1848?

Louis Philippe

Explain the division on the “left” as a result of the French June Days.

The liberals/bourgeois just want a political revolution, the working class want an economic revolution as well as a political revolution.

Who became the president of the French Second Republic?

Louis Napoleon Bonaparte

What was the goal of the revolutionaries and the results of the revolts in each of the following locations in 1848?

Hungary: independence from Austria, national autonomy, full civil liberties, universal suffrage (Nicholas I of Russia crushed revolt.),

Vienna (Austria): Republic, full national freedom, full civil liberties, universal suffrage (student and workers (people who revolted) defeated by Austrian army),

Prague (Bohemia): Independence from Austria, national autonomy (army crushed working class revolt),

German Confederation: Unification of Germany (questions of including Austria), liberal reforms national parliament.,

Berlin (Prussia): Republic, liberal constitution, merged Prussia into new national German state, (artisans and factory workers with middle-class liberals against monarchy).,

Rome (Italy): Unification of Italy, democratic republic, universal male suffrage, will of the people, liberal constitution combined with strong monarchy and some civil liberties and a parliamentary govt.

What happened to Metternich as a result of the revolutions of 1848?

Forced to resign, he fled to London, marks the end of the age of Metternich.

Why were the Magyars unable to gain internal support for independence from Austria?

Unable to gain internal support for independence from Austria, and they pushed for a liberal constitution and unified Hungarian nationality (too radical), most rejected because they wanted political autonomy and cultural independence.

Why did Frederick William IV reject the “offer” from the Frankfurt Assembly?

Wanted to be emperor of Germany through his own authoritarian terms, already reasserted his royal authority and disbanded the Prussian constituent assembly.

What were the overall results of the revolutions of 1848 in Europe, and why?

Initial success but overall failure for all revolutions, world looks lite it was before the revolutions, more conservative govt., working class adapted new tactics (trade union, political parties), many previous rulers abdicated replaced with new ones, in France peasants supported govt. against working class, Germany became “lesser” with it’s unification without Austria.