Apollon Hematology & Coagulation Practice Questions

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering hematology and coagulation concepts based on Chapter 4 review questions.

Hemoglobin

The form in which the largest quantity of normal body iron is found.

Heme (Iron to Porphyrin Ratio)

The ratio is $1:1$.

Methemoglobin-cytochrome C reductase

An enzyme in red blood cells that functions to keep iron in the ferrous state.

Methemoglobin

The product formed when the ferrous iron of normal hemoglobin is oxidized to the ferric state.

Normal Adult Hemoglobins

The hemoglobins present in a normal adult, including Hb-A1, Hb-A2, and Hb-F.

Newborn Hemoglobin

The type of hemoglobin predominantly found in newborns, specifically Hb-F.

Hemoglobin C disease

A condition characterized by target cells and rod-shaped crystals.

Sodium dithionate

The reagent responsible for the reduction of the hemoglobin molecule in the tube solubility test for hemoglobin S.

Hemoglobin C (Substitution)

A hemoglobin variant where glutamic acid is replaced by Lysine.

Hemoglobin S (Solubility)

A hemoglobin that is insoluble under lowered oxygen tension.

Kleihauer technic

A laboratory technique used to differentiate Hb-A2 from Hb-F.

Cyanmethemoglobin method

A method that measures all hemoglobin pigments except sulfhemoglobin.

Drabkin's solution

The diluent used in the cyanmethemoglobin method for hemoglobin determination.

Haptoglobin

The plasma protein that specifically binds free hemoglobin.

Normal Plasma Hemoglobin

The level of hemoglobin in normal plasma, measured at $2-3\,mg/dL$.

Hematocrit

A measure of the packed red blood cell volume.

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) increase

An increase that can result from a higher quantity of Fibrinogen.

Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)

A calculation requiring the erythrocyte count and the Hematocrit.

Iron Deficiency Anemia (Blood film)

Characterized by hypochromic microcytes with poikilocytes.

Reticulocyte count

A determination considered a reliable assessment of effective erythropoiesis in the bone marrow.

Anisocytosis

Abnormal variation in the size of erythrocytes.

Poikilocytosis

Abnormal variation in the shape of erythrocytes.

Leptocytes

Erythrocytes with a diameter of $9-12\,microns$.

Target cell

A red blood cell with a bull's eye appearance, also known as having excess membrane for cell volume.

Sideroblastic anemia

A condition characterized by increased iron in the mitochondria of normoblasts.

Polycythemia vera (Cell counts)

A condition associated with Pancytosis.

Punctate basophilia

The aggregation of residual RNA in red blood cells.

Hereditary spherocytosis

A disorder where increased osmotic fragility is observed in the red blood cells.

Siderocytes

Red blood cells that contain iron-stained granules.

Howell-Jolly body

A red blood cell inclusion representing a remnant of nuclear DNA.

New methylene blue

The stain used to visualize RNA remnants in red blood cells.

Cabot rings

Inclusions found in erythrocytes.

Bite cell

A cell formed by the pitting of red blood cell inclusions by the spleen.

Pappenheimer body

A red blood cell inclusion composed of iron.

Heinz body

A red blood cell inclusion composed of hemoglobin.

Pancytopenia

A decrease in white cells, red cells, and platelets.

Left shift

A term for granulocytes being released prematurely to the myelocyte stage.

Leukemoid reaction

A white blood cell count greater than $50,000/\mu L$.

Burr cells

Cells that represent damage to the red blood cell membrane.

G-6-PD deficiency

An abnormality associated with the HMP shunt.

Pelger-Huet anomaly

An anomaly where neutrophils show 2 lobes and hyperclumped chromatin.

Dohle bodies

Inclusion bodies found in the cytoplasm of neutrophils.

Toxic granulation

Neutrophil changes usually associated with bacterial infections.

Tart cell

A monocyte that has phagocytized a nucleus.

Myelocyte

The stage at which specific (secondary) granules of granulocytes first appear.

Philadelphia chromosome

A chromosomal abnormality associated with Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia (CGL).

Auer rods

Inclusions characteristically found in the cells of Acute Granulocytic Leukemia (AGL).

Reed-Sternberg cells

Cells that are diagnostic for Hodgkin's disease.

Hairy cell leukemia (Stain)

A leukemia that shows positivity with the ACP stain.

Factor VIII

A coagulation factor that does not require Vitamin K for its production by the liver.

Factor XIII

An activated coagulation factor that is NOT a serine protease.

Prothrombin

The biological precursor of thrombin.

Thrombin

The enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin.

Plasmin

The substance that acts on fibrin during the process of fibrinolysis.

Prothrombinase complex

A complex consisting of Xa, Va, phospholipid, and calcium.

Megakaryocytes

The origin of platelets in the bone marrow.

Thrombocytopenia

A quantitative defect of platelets characterized by a low count.

Christmas factor

The common name for coagulation Factor IX.

Christmas Disease

Another name for Hemophilia B, resulting from Factor IX deficiency.

ITP (Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura)

A condition characterized by increased platelet destruction.