Antimicrobial resistance

what can lead to antimicrobial resistance

innate resistance, sharing genetic material between organisms, mutations

beta lactam ring

part of chemical makeup of abx

beta lactamase

enzyme created by bacteria that attacks beta lactam ring and causes abx to not work

exception to beta lactamase

aztreonam- beta lactam ring is not attached to anything else

how are beta lactamase resistance enzymes named

named for abx class they work against (ex- penicillinase, cephalosporinase, carbapenemase)

beta lactamase inhibitor

does NOT kill organism but does kill beta lactamase enzyme- this allows abx to work!

important beta lactamase inhibitors

tazobactam, avibactam, clavulanic acid, sulbactam

multi-drug resistant organisms (MDROs)

E- enterococcus faecium

S- staphylococcus aureus

K- klebsiella pneumoniae

A- acinetobacter baumannii

P- pseudomonas aeruginosa

E- enterobacter spp.

contributions to antimicrobial resistance

patients demand abx (esp when URI- viral), can buy abx online or at pet stores, stop when feel better