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How structure of DNA dictates directionality
Pentose sugar linked to phosphate in another nucleotide, so everything in polymer faces the same way.
Directionality of replication
Both strands are used as templates
5’ to 3’ assembly of new strand in opposite direction of the other strand being assembled
Directionality of transcription
Only one strand is needed as RNA template
RNA production can move in the same direction as transcription
directionality of translation
Ribosome that carries out translation moves along RNA molecule towards 3’ end
Structure of nucleosome
core of each are 8 histone proteins
DNA is wound around proteins twice
Additional histone protein reinforces binding of DNA, packaging of chromosomes when a nucleus is prepping to divide.