EMT Exam #3 - terms I find Important

whats the main function of the upper airway

to warm, filter, and humidify air as it enters the body

whats the function of the nasopharynx

filters out dust and small particles

• also warms and humidifies air

ventilation

the physical act of moving air into and out of the lungs

oxygenation

the process of loading oxygen molecules onto hemoglobin molecules in the blood stream

respiration

the actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli as well as the tissues of the body

external (pulmonary) respiration

exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between alveoli and blood in the pulmonary capillaries

• brings fresh air into the respiratory system

internal respiration

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between systemic circulatory system and cells

agonal gasps

when a patient appears to be breathing after the heart has stopped

when do you use the head tilt-chin lift maneuver

for patients who have not sustained or are not suspected of having sustained trauma

when do you use the jaw-thrust maneuver

if you suspect a cervical spine injury

when does gastric distention occur

when air enters the stomach, if occurring reposition the patients head during ventilation

what does pharmacodynamics mean

processes by which medication works on the body

what does agonist mean

causes stimulation of receptors

what does antagonist mean

binds to a receptor and blocks other medications or chemicals

what does dose mean

amount of medication given

what does action mean

the therapeutic effect that a medication is expected to have on the body

what does pharmacokinetics mean

actions of the body upon the medication or chemical

what does PR mean

per rectum, or by rectum

what does PO mean

oral or by mouth

what administration has the fastest rate of absorption

intravenous

what administration has the slowest rate of absorption

orally

a solution define

a liquid mixture of substances

• will not separate by filtering or letting stand

a suspension define

a substance that does not dissolve will in liquids

• will separate if it stands or is filter

how did MRSA originate

antibiotic resistance

whats the difference between type A hepatitis vs. type B and C

• type A is an acute infection, most improve without treatment

• type B/C is a chronic persistent infection which can lead to chronic liver failure

whats the difference between type B and C hepatitis

there is a vaccine for type B, no preventative treatment for type C

what is emphysema

a chronic respiratory disease, presents with progressing worsening dyspnea

bronchospasm are most often associated with

asthma

whats the generic name for albuterol

ventolin

what does wheezing indicate

bronchoconstriction

what does rales indicate

large amounts of fluid in the alveoli

what does crackles indicate

fluid in the alveoli

what does rhonchi indicate

mucus in the bronchi

what does stridor indicate

obstruction of the upper airway

what is systolic blood pressure

the maximum pressure generated by the left ventricle

what is diastolic pressure

the pressure against arterial walls while the left ventricle is at rest

whats the normal blood glucose level

80-100

what are the central pulses

• carotid

• femoral

• brachial (only in kids)

what are the peripheral pulses

• pedial

• radial

what is cardiac output

the volume of blood that passes through the heart in 1 minute

what is perfusion

the constant flow of oxygenated blood to tissues

what is atherosclerosis

the buildup of calcium and cholesterol in the arteries

what is not a common symptom of cardiac ischemia

headache

your patient is unresponsive with a RR of 16 and good chest rise. What would be the best O2 delivery device

NRB

what are the waste products of aerobic metabolism

• H2O

• CO2

if an adult indicates they are choking, but can still speak and cough you should:

encourage them to courage

whats a major (often forgot of - by me) contraindication of CPAP

if the patient is hypotensive

how does ventricular tachycardia cause hypotension

the rapid not coordinated contractions limit the amount of blood provided by each stroke, limiting stroke volume