NASM Chapter 6, The Endocrine System

What does the term “Endocrine” mean?

hormone secreting, regulates bodily functions, like a thermostat regulating the temperature

Lipolysis

the breakdown of fats into fatty acids and glycerol for energy.

Glands

organs that release substances into the bloodstream (like hormones)

Hormones

chemical messengers released from a gland that travels to cells to activate a function

what are the primary endocrine glands?

pituitary, hypothalamus, pineal, pancreas, thyroid, adrenal, reproductive

Hypothalamus Gland

located in the brain, communicates with the pituitary gland

Pineal Gland

small gland in the brian, secretes melatonin - regulates sleep cycles

Pancreas

produces insulin, glucagon and digestive juices

Thyroid

gland located in the anterior neck, responsible for secretion of many hormones such as thyroxin and calcitonin

Pituitary Gland

controls the secretion of hormones, including growth hormone

Adrenal Gland

located above the kidneys, secretes chatecolimines and cortisol

Reproductive Glands

ovaries and testes, sex-specific

What two glands are referred to as the “grand masters?

hypothalamus and pituitary (oscassionally)

What is the primary source of fuel during intense exercise?

carbs, specifically glucose (sugar), glucose fuels the brain

Insulin

hormone secreted by the pancreas, metabolizes glucose

Glucagon

hormone secreted by pancreas, regulates blood glucose (functions opposite to insulin)

Substrates

nutrients used in metabolic reactions to create adenosine triphosphate

Glycogen

Glucose that’s stored in bodily tissues like liver and muscle cells, storage form of carbohydrate

What happens to insulin as exercise intensity increases?

glucose uptake increase and insulin levels drop

What happens to glucagon levels as exercise intensity increases?

pancreas supplies more, giving the body more glucose to use

Catecholamines

hormones produced by the adrenal glands that are part of the stress response (fight or flight)

As we get ready to exercise what does the hypothalamus and nervous system do to our body?

increases heart rate and stroke volume

elevates blood glucose levels

re-distributes blood to working tissues

opens up the airways

improves the body’s ability to break down and use fat for energy

Catabolic

breaks down molecules into smaller units used for energy

Gluconeogenesis

formation of glucose form proteins and fats (not carbs)

Anabolic

metabolic process which synthesizes smaller molecules into larger units used for building and repairing. growth growth growth

Where is the thyroid located?

anterior neck region

Insuline like growth factors (IGF)

anabolic hormone produced by the liver

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

amount of energy required to maintain the body at rest

What effects does low thyroid have on the body?

low metabolism, fatigue, depression, anxiety, sensitivity to cold, and weight gain

Calcitonin

thyroid hormone that helps the body use calcium properly to aid with maintaining mineral bone density