Purposive Communication and Language Varieties

Vocabulary flashcards covering core communication concepts, types, contexts, models, principles, ethics, and language varieties from the lecture.

Communication

The process/system of transmitting a message that studies what, how, why, and through what channel people communicate.

Humanistic Perspective

A perspective of communication that focuses on people, culture, values, and language.

Scientific Perspective

A perspective of communication that uses research, observation, surveys, and experiments.

Aesthetic Perspective

A perspective of communication that focuses on creativity, style, and art.

Purposive Communication

Communicating with a specific purpose or goal, primarily to inform, entertain, or persuade.

Verbal Communication

A type of communication that uses spoken words to express information, ideas, feelings, and intentions.

Non-verbal Communication

A type of communication that conveys messages through gestures, body movements, facial expressions, and other nonverbal cues.

Written Communication

A type of communication that uses written words, such as letters, e-mails, memoranda, journals, online posts, and chats.

Visual Communication

A type of communication that uses photographs, diagrams, charts, and maps.

Context

The circumstances surrounding a message, including setting, culture, purpose, audience, relationship, timing, and medium.

Physical Context

The physical environment where communication takes place, including location, noise level, and time of day ("WHERE").

Temporal Context

The time element of communication, including time of day, day of the week, and broader historical period ("WHEN").

Social Context

The social relationships and roles of communicators, including relationship, status/position, and power ("WHO").

Psychological Context

The emotional and mental states of the people involved in communication ("FEELINGS/MIND").

Cultural Context

The beliefs, values, norms, traditions, language practices, and expectations shared by a cultural group ("CULTURE").

Linguistic Context

The words, sentences, expressions, and surrounding language that determine meaning ("SURROUNDING WORDS").

Sender

The person who starts and encodes the message in the communication process.

Receiver

The person who receives and decodes/interprets the message in the communication process.

Message

The information being communicated in the communication process.

Medium/Channel

The way the message is sent, such as text, phone, internet, or face-to-face.

Feedback

The receiver's response to the message in the communication process.

Noise

Anything that interferes with communication or causes misunderstanding.

Linear Model

A one-way communication model without feedback, associated with Shannon and Weaver (1949) and common in TV and radio.

Berlo's SMCR Model

A communication model consisting of Source, Message, Channel, and Receiver that considers skills, attitudes, knowledge, social system, and culture.

Interactive Model

A two-way communication model that includes feedback and allows sender and receiver to exchange roles.

Transactional Model

A communication model where communication is continuous and simultaneous, both people send and receive messages, and context and shared experiences affect meaning.

Clarity

A principle of communication focused on making the message easy to understand.

Concision

A principle of communication focused on being brief and avoiding unnecessary information.

Completeness

A principle of communication requiring the inclusion of all necessary information.

Cohesiveness

A principle of communication stating that ideas should be organized, logical, and consistent.

Courteousness

A principle of communication requiring one to be polite and respectful.

Correctness

A principle of communication stating that information should be accurate and free from errors.

Consideration

A principle of communication requiring consideration of the audience's background, knowledge, and perspective.

Communication Ethics

Moral principles that guide how we communicate with others, focusing on honesty, fairness, respect, and responsibility.

Language Variety

A distinct form of language used by a specific group, region, or social context, based on who the speaker is.

Dialect

A language variety related to region, involving differences in grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation.

Sociolect

A language variety related to a social group, such as class, age, ethnicity, or peers.

Ideolect

An individual's unique way of speaking.

Language Register

The language style chosen based on situation, audience, purpose, and medium, determined by how language is used.

Frozen Register

A speech register consisting of fixed or unchangeable language, such as the Miranda Rights.

Formal Register

A speech register used in academic, legal, and professional situations.

Consultative Register

A speech register used in professional interactions, such as between a client and a lawyer or doctor.

Casual Register

A speech register used among friends, classmates, and peers.

Intimate Register

A speech register used in very close relationships, characterized by terms of endearment.

Field

One of Halliday's contextual determinants that refers to what is happening or the topic.

Tenor

One of Halliday's contextual determinants that refers to who is participating or the relationship.

Mode

One of Halliday's contextual determinants that refers to how communication is delivered.