history of psch exam 3

Wundt’s preferred form of introspection was called:

Experimental self-observation

Wundt’s research methods included all of the following except:

Dream interpretation sessions

Wundt’s major legacy in the history of psychology is:

Training a first generation of research psychologists

Edward Titchener argued that psychology should first:

Catalog all possible conscious sensations

After cataloging sensations, Titchener believed psychologists should next:

Identify laws for how sensations combine into perceptions

Titchener’s structuralism was strongly influenced by:

British empiricism (Locke, Mill, Hume)

Why did structuralism fade in influence?

Introspection was unreliable; it ignored function/adaptation and applied issues

Act-psychology (and the Würzburg School) differed from structuralism in that it:

Studied complex mental acts (judging, inferring), not just basic sensations

The most striking difference between Jean‑Baptiste Lamarck and Darwin was:

Speed/mechanism of evolution — Lamarck: acquired traits; Darwin: natural selection

Darwin’s view of how social and cultural norms develop was that they:

Are culturally transmitted capacities that help societies adapt and reproduce

Francis Galton believed intelligence was largely:

Inherited (nativist view)

Galton argued for measuring intelligence by “sensory acuity” because he believed:

Higher sensory acuity = sharper mind = more intelligence

James McKeen Cattell found that sensory acuity:

Had little to no relation to problem-solving or educational success

Lewis Terman believed intelligence:

Had a strong hereditary component and that low IQ contributed to criminality

Terman’s longitudinal study of gifted children found:

IQ is relatively stable, but success depends on both intelligence and motivation

Henry H. Goddard’s study of the “Kallikak Family” concluded:

Intelligence is inherited and “feeblemindedness” is passed through generations

The intelligence-testing movement in early-20th-century America influenced:

Immigration policy, forced sterilizations, military screening, school tracking

Today the dominant view of intelligence is that:

It is both nature and nurture, and there are multiple forms of intelligence

Functionalists believed psychology should study:

Any topic meaningful to people’s lives (habits, emotions, attitudes, etc.)

Functionalists would use which of the following methods?

Introspection, experimentation, field studies, animal behavior, cross-cultural analysis — all methods

The “4 E’s” that grounded American Functionalism are:

Evangelism, Enlightenment, Enterprise, Environmentalism

Evangelical Christianity influenced Functionalism by promoting beliefs such as:

Humans have dominion over earth; progress and prosperity glorify God

Enlightenment contributed to Functionalism by emphasizing:

Science, reason, empirical observation, and human benefit via technology

Environmentalism as part of the 4 E’s refers to:

The belief that nurture and environment shape behavior and personality (people can rise above birth circumstances)

According to William James, what is the function of consciousness?

To choose and aid adaptation

James defined self-esteem as:

Successes divided by pretensions (expectations)

The James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that:

Bodily reaction comes first, then we feel the emotion

The difference between James and Hugo Münsterberg regarding consciousness is that James believed consciousness precedes behavior, whereas Münsterberg believed:

Behavior may precede consciousness (consciousness is epiphenomenon)

According to Functionalism, key research areas included:

Adaptation of mental processes, applied psychology, individual differences, motivation, animal psychology

Which of the following statements is correct?

Galton argued that the similarity of intelligence between twins
indicated that intelligence is mostly inherited

Titchener’s most lasting impact on Psychology was his

none of the above

Which of the following statements is correct about the impact of Act psychology (Brentano and Stumpf) and the Wurzburg school (Kulpe)?

Their research cast doubt on the reliability of introspection as a research tool.

Which of the following statements about Terman’s beliefs and research on
intelligence is correct?

ntelligence tests can be a good substitute for grades in school.

Social Darwinists such as Spencer believed that if natural selection were
allowed to operate freely,

Societies would experience less crime

Four aspects of American culture during the 19th century laid the groundwork
for the development of Functionalism. Which of the following statements about
them is correct?

Environmentalism refers to the belief held by many Americans that people’s
experiences were important in determining what they could become in life.

Which of the following statements about Mary Calkins is correct?

None of the above