Taxonomy ECE Biology

Chordates

A phylum where all the animals have a notochord, dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and a post anal tail

Vertebrates

Within the phylum Chordata which is characterized by a backbone, well-defined head and brain, eyes and sensory organs, and a skull

radial symmetry

Symmetry about a central axis; have top and bottom but not a different left and right side

bilateral symmetry

have two different axes: front to back and top to bottom; have dorsal, ventral, anterior, posterior, left, and right sides

amniotic egg

diverging from amphibians, amniotes (reptiles, and mammals) all have amniotic eggs; eggs characterized by 4 membranes which allowed embryo to develop within the dependent on aqueous environments

bilaterians

a clade which is characterized by a complete digestive tract, bilateral symmetry

Phylum Porifera

known as sponges; characterized by lack of tissues, several cell types, and being filter feeders

Bryophyte

nonvascular plants which are thought to have diverged earliest from land plants; have swimming sperm

Gymnosperms

plants that have exposed seeds

Angiosperms

plants where seeds develop inside chambers known as ovaries

Pterophyta

phylum that includes the seedless vascular plants

Hyphae

Filaments of fungi

Ectoderm

the outer germ layer that develops into skin and nervous tissue

Endoderm

innermost germ layer; develops into the linings of the digestive tract and much of the respiratory system

Mesoderm

middle germ layer; develops into muscles, and much of the circulatory, reproductive, and excretory systems

Triploblastic

has three germ layers: the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm.

Diploblastic

Having two germ layers.

Protostome

an animal whose mouth is formed from the blastopore

Deutrostomes

blastopore becomes anus

Notochord

A flexible rod that supports a chordate's back

epiblast

the outermost layer of an embryo before it differentiates into ectoderm and mesoderm.

hypoblast

primitive endoderm, forms yolk sac

Segmentation

the division of the body of an organism into a series of similar parts

hydrostatic skeleton

a fluid-filled internal cavity surrounded by muscle tissue

Gram-positive bacteria

Bacteria that have a thick peptidoglycan cell wall, and no outer membrane. They stain purple in Gram stain.

Gram-negative bacteria

type of bacteria that stain red with Gram stain and have a thin cell wall with an outer membrane