Human Developement

Growth

The quantitative measure of the physical height and weight

Development

The qualitative measure social and emotional growth

What do nurses do if pt has abnormal findings

Notify provider and do not tell pt

Newborn

Day 1-7

Neonatal

Birth to 1 month

Infant

1 month to 1 year old

Toddler

1 year to 3 years old

Preschoolers

3-5 years old

School Age

5-12 years old

Antenatal

Same as Prenatal; before birth

Pre-Adolescent

12-13 years old

Middle Adolescent

13-15 years old

Late Adolescent

15 to 19 years old

Early Adult

20-40 years old

Mid Adult

40-60 years old

Old Adult

Greater than 60 years old

4 domains of childhood development?

Cognitive, Language, Social/Emotional, & Physical

Sub domains of childhood development

Psychological and Moral/Ethical

1st month gross motor developement milestone

Neonate/Infant can raise head

2nd month gross motor developement milestone

Infant can perform eye coordination

3rd month gross motor developement milestone

Infant can do hand-eye coordination

4th month gross motor developement milestone

Infant can hold objects

5th month gross motor developement milestone

Infant can “roll over” to other body plane

6th month gross motor developement milestone

Infant sits alone WITH support

7th month gross motor developement milestone

Infant sits alone WITHOUT support

8th month gross motor developement milestone

Infant crawls with early stepping

9th month gross motor developement milestone

Infant stands WITH support

10th month gross motor developement milestone

Infant momentarily stands without support

11th month gross motor developement milestone

Infant walks WITH support

12th month gross motor developement milestone

Infant/Toddler stands WITHOUT support for a few seconds

13th month gross motor developement milestone

Toddler walks WITHOUT support

15th month gross motor developement milestone

Toddler walks sideways and Backwards

3rd month fine motor developmental milestone

Infant’s grasp reflex disappears and opens hand spontaneously

4th month fine motor developmental milestone

Infant can grasp with BOTH hands

5th month fine motor developemental milestone

Infant voluntarily grasps with ONE hand

7th month fine motor developemental milestone

Infant can transfer objects from one hand to another

9th month fine motor developemental milestone

Infant’s pincer grasp is developed

12th month fine motor developemental milestone

Infant releases objects ON COMMAND

What are the influences of cognitive developement

Genetic and Environmental

Typically language and communication in infancy

Babbling and Cooing

13th month fine motor developemental milestone

Toddler can turn 2-3 pages of a book at a time

18th month fine motor developemental milestone

Toddler can feed by spoon and can build a tower of 2 cubes

2 year old fine motor developemental milestone

Toddler can build a cube tower of 6 and can turn 1 page at a time

3 year old fine motor developemental milestone

Toddler can dress and undress, copy a circle, and build a tower of 9 cubes.

3 year old 2nd phase fine motor developemental milestone

Toddler can copy a cross

4 year old fine motor developemental milestone

Preschooler can copy a cube

5 year old fine motor developemental milestone

Preschooler/School age child can copy a triangle

6 year old fine motor developemental milestone

School age child can copy a diamond

1st month speech/language developmental milestone

Neonate/Infant makes vowel sounds (a, ae)

2nd month speech/language developmental milestone

Infant makes cooing sounds

4th month speech/language developmental milestone

Infant makes bilabial sounds (m, b)

6th month speech/language developmental milestone

Infant babbles and makes monosyllable sounds

8th month developmental milestone

Infant can say Mama and Dada

9th month speech/language developmental milestone

Infant can imitate sounds

10 month speech/language developmental milestone

Infant can say a word without meaning

12th month speech/language developmental milestone

Infant/Toddler can use monosyllables (1-2 words) with meaning

18th month speech/language developmental milestone

Toddler speaks at least 6 words

2 year old speech/language developmental milestone

Toddler begins to combine words and say simple two-word sentences

3 year old speech/language developmental milestone

Toddler uses good vocabulary, speaks long sentences and can tell a story

2nd month social and adaptive developemental milestone

Infant developes social smile

3rd month social and adaptive developemental milestone

Infant recognizes the mother

4th month social and adaptive developemental milestone

Infant recognizes object in their hand

6th month social and adaptive developemental milestone

Infant smiles at reflection (mirror image)

7th month social and adaptive developemental milestone

Period of Negativism. The infant resists things being taken away

1 year old social and adaptive developemental milestone

The infant/toddler comes when called upon

15th-18th month old social and adaptive developemental milestone

Toddler developes domestic mimicry

18th month social and adaptive developemental milestone

Toddler can report wetting

2 year old social and adaptive developemental milestone

The toddler is mostly dry by day

3 year old social and adaptive developemental milestone

Toddler/Preschooler can say age, identifies 3 basic colors, and is dry by night

4 year old social and adaptive developemental milestone

The preschooler can play with other child and can tell lengthy stories which the fine motor development for storytelling starts at 3

5 year old social and adaptive developemental milestone

The toddler can dress without supervision

MHONs Physiological needs

Air, water, sleep, food, reporduction, shelter, clothing

MHONs Safety needs

Personal security, Employent, Resources, Health, Property,

MHONs Love and Belonging needs

Friendship, intimacy, family, sense of connection

MHONs Esteem needs

Respect, Self esteem, Status, Recognition, Strength, Freedom

MHONs Self actualization

Desire to become the most that one can be. Considered a lifelong journey

Freud’s theory of psychosexual developement: ID

The most primitive part of the personality that originates in infancy

Freud’s theory of psychosexual developement: EGO

The rational component of the personality and mediates the conflict between the environment and ID (One’s sense of self)

Freud’s theory of psychosexual developement: SUPEREGO

The conscience that is influenced by society. Superego peforms regulating, restraining, and prohibiting actions.

Oral stage

0-1 years old. Infant/toddler derives pleasure from sucking and tasting. This is represented by them puttinting things in their mouth.

Anal stage

2-3 years old. Toddler begins potty training

Phallic stage

3-6 years old. Children are attracted to the parent of the opposite sex. “Oedipus complex”

Latency stage

6 years old to puberty (11). School age child interacts with same sex peers.

Genital stage

12+ Beyond puberty, the individual is attracted to others of the opposite sex

Piaget’s stages of cognitive developement

Jean piaget’s model that children cognitively develope by going through 4 distinct stages

Piaget’s Serisomotor stage

0-2 years old. Infants develop object permance around 9 months and has coordination of senses with motor responses

Piaget’s Preoperational stage

2-7 years old. Egocenterism is developed where child see’s only their perspective. Rapid language development happens and children use Animism to put human qualities to inanimate objects and use “Magical thinking”. Child cannot logical explain their thought process due to lack of conservation.

Piaget’s concrete operational stage

7-11 years old. Child uses conservation and understands quantity remains the same despite changes in appearance. Child can also differentiate what is real vs fake

Piaget’s formal operational stage

11 years and older. Child can use abstract thinking and hypothetical reasoning. Child also has the capacity for moral and ethical reasoning.

Preoperational nursing intervention

Nurses can use a symbolic object such as a teddy bear to explain a medical procedure to a child.

Psychosexual stage nursing intervention

Nurses can reccommend to parent ideas about how to successfully potty train if there is a delay.

Erickson’s 8 stages of psychosocial developement

Believed that child must complete one stage before moving onto the next or else they will have problems in adult life

Erickson’s Stage 1

Infancy 0-1 years old. Trust vs Mistrust

Erickson’s stage 2

Toddler 1-3 years old. Autonomy vs Shame

Erickson’s stage 3

Preschooler 3-6 years old. Initiative vs Guilt

Erickson’s stage 4

Grade school 6-12 years old. Industry vs Inferiority: can I make it in the world?

Erickson’s Stage 5

Teenager/Adolescent 12-18 years old. Identity vs Role confusion

Erickson’s Stage 6

Young adult 18-40 years old. Intimacy vs isolation

Erickson’s Stage 7

Middle adults: 40-65 years old: Generativity vs Stagnation

Erickson’s Stage 8

Older adults greater than 65. Integrity vs Despair.