Functional groups

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6 Terms

1
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Hydroxyl group

Found in alcohols and carbohydrates; makes molecules polar and soluble in water

-OH

2
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Carbonyl

Found in aldehydes and ketones; polar.

-CO… C=O

3
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Carboxyl

Found in organic acids (carboxyl acids) and amino acids; acts as an acid (donates H^+).

-COOH … H-O-C=O (gets rid of H sometimes)

4
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Amino group

Found in amino acids; acts as a base (accepts H^+).

-NH2

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Sulfhydryl

Found in the r group and amino acid cysteine; can form disulfide bridges important for protein structure.

R-SH

6
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Phosphate

Found in nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) and ATP; acidic, highly polar, and important for energy transfer.

-PO4