Zoro - After Midterm (English Literature)

What is Romanticism? When did Romanticism emerge?

Romanticism is an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that emphasized emotion, individualism, and the glorification of nature. It emerged in the late 18th century, around the 1770s, and continued into the mid-19th century.

What did Romanticism put new emphasis on?

Romanticism put new emphasis on emotion, imagination, and the beauty of the natural world. It also valued individual experience and personal expression over rationalism.

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What was Romanticism interested in? What did it idealize?

Romanticism was interested in nature, the sublime, and the human experience. It idealized the past, particularly medieval themes, and celebrated the beauty of the natural world and human creativity.

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What poet is the national hero of the Scottish people?

Robert Burns is considered the national hero of the Scottish people.

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The representative of what movement was Robert Burns?

Robert Burns was a representative of the Romantic movement, particularly within Scottish literature.

Where was Robert Burns born?

Robert Burns was born in Alloway, Ayrshire, Scotland.

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What was his father's occupation?

Burns's father was a tenant farmer.

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Who did Burns write his poems and songs for?

Burns wrote his poems and songs for the common people, often drawing inspiration from folk traditions and Scottish culture.

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Why did Burns decide to emigrate to Jamaica?

Burns decided to emigrate to Jamaica to seek better economic opportunities, as he was struggling financially.

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What did he do to raise money for his voyage?

To raise money for his voyage, Burns published his poetry, which gained popularity and helped him gather funds.

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What did Burns' Edinburgh friends do for his practical encouragement of his genius?

Burns' Edinburgh friends helped promote his work, introducing him to influential literary circles, securing publication of his poems, and providing financial support.

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What did he do in the excise service?

In the excise service, Burns worked as an exciseman, responsible for collecting taxes on alcohol and other goods

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What did Burns combine his duties as exciseman with?

He took a farm at Ellisland near Dumfries, and combined farming with his duties as exciseman.

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What did he do in his leisure time?

There, and later at the town of Dumfries, he lived for the ten years that remained to him of life, composing in his leisure time the songs which are the most popular part of his work.

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Why did Burns refuse to receive any payment for his songs?

They were done for old Scotland's sake, as a patriotic service of love.

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What prevented Burns' rapid advancement?

His outspoken sympathy with the cause of the French Revolution prevented rapid advancement.

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What does his poetry deal with?

Burns' poetry deals with themes of love, nature, rural life, social issues, and Scottish identity, often reflecting the struggles and joys of the common people.

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What are Burns' two most popular verses (and songs)?

Auld lang syne" and "A Red, Red Rose".

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When do they traditionally sing "Auld lang syne"?

It is traditionally sung to celebrate New Year

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What family did Byron come from?

Byron came from the noble family of the Byrons, specifically the Barons Byron, with a lineage that included a history of military service and aristocracy.

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What physical defect did Byron have?

Byron was born lame.

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Where was Byron educated?

George was sent to Harrow School where boys of aristocratic families got their education.

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What his travels did Byron describe in "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage"?

In 1809 he went travelling and visited Portugal, Spain, Greece and Turkey.

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Why did Byron have to live England? What was he accused of?

Byron was accused of immorality and had to leave England. He went to Switzerland.

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Who did Byron meet in Switzerland?

There Byron met Percy Bysshe Shelley and the two poets became friends.

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What was the aim of Byron's life?

The struggle for national independence had become the aim of Byron's life.

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What genre does Byron's "Don Juan" belong to?

Don Juan" (1819-24) - a satire on bourgeois and aristocratic society.

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How does Byron portray Don Juan?

Byron portrays Don Juan as an innocent and passive character who is seduced by women rather than being a seducer himself. This portrayal subverts traditional ideas of masculinity and romantic heroism.

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What did Byron die of?

Byron fell ill with typhus and died in April 1824

What did Percy Bysshe Shelley fight for? -

already in his youth he was a fighter for freedom

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Why was Percy Bysshe Shelley expelled from the Oxford University?

He was soon expelled from this University after he had published a book 'The Necessity of Atheism" (1811).

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What was Shelley's second wife Mary Shelley famous for?

Mary Shelley is also famous as a writer of the novel of terror and an attempt of science fiction - "Frankenstein"

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Why was Shelley forced to leave England for Italy? -

The government and the official press were against Shelley's revolutionary ideas. The government did not allow him to bring up his two children by his first wife. He had to leave England and went to live in Italy

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Who did he become great friends with?

He became great friends with Byron.

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Speak about Shelly's tragic death.

One day he was sailing with a friend in a boat. Suddenly a storm broke out and the boat was overturned. Both young men were drowned. Some days later SheIley's body was found

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What does Shelley's "Prometheus Unbound" deal with?

a play (on the Greek model), deals with the human struggle against the power of false gods.

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What poet is Shelley's elegy "Adonais" dedicated to? -

It is an elegy on the death of his contemporary poet Keats. It is a pastoral elegy written by P. B. Shelley for John Keats in 1821, immediately when he heard of Keats' death.

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What does the name Alastor in Shelley's poem "Alastor, or The Spirit of Solitude" refer to?

Peacock has defined Alastor as "evil genius".

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What does the poem "Alastor, or The Spirit of Solitude" express?

The poem expresses joy in the universe and sorrow for the violent feelings of men.

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What does the author compare in his poem Mont Blanc?

In "Mont Blanc," Shelley compares the majestic power of the mountain with the human mind, exploring the relationship between nature and human consciousness, as well as the limits of human understanding.

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What does Shelley's poem England in 1819 reflect?

It reflects Shelley's liberal ideals

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How does Shelley treat the wind in his poem "Ode to the West Wind"?

He praises the wind, referring to its strength and might in tones similar to the Biblical Psalms, which worship God

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Why does Shelley welcome the wind in his poem "Ode to the West Wind" despite the unhappiness it brings?

Shelley welcomes the wind because it represents both destruction and regeneration. He sees it as a catalyst for change, capable of sweeping away the old and making way for new ideas and hope, reflecting his desire for social and personal transformation

What is Romanticism? When and where did Romanticism emerge?

Romanticism (or the Romantic Era) was an artistic, literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Europe.

What did Romanticism put emphasis on?

New emphasis was put on such emotions as horror and awe.

What did Romanticism focus on?

Romanticism focused on emotions and the inner life of the writer, and often used autobiographical material unlike traditional literature at the time.

What word does the term Romanticism stem from?

The term Romanticism does not stem directly from the concept of love, but rather from the French word ”romaunt ”(a romantic story told in verse).

What was Romanticism interested in? What did it idealize?

Romanticism reached beyond the rational and Classicist ideal model. It was interested in the past and idealized it.

What event did many Romanic writers find inspiration from?

Many Romantic writers found inspiration from the French Revolution and its aftermath.

What two poets, members of the Lake Poets, are considered the founders of the Romantic Movement in England?

William Wordsworth (1770 – 1850) was a major English Romantic poet who, with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped to launch the Romantic Age in English literature.

Name the collection of poems which gave start to Romantic movement

The collection of poems that is often credited with giving the start to the Romantic movement in English literature is Lyrical Ballads (1798), written by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge.

Name six monumental Romantic poets of Britain who are often nicknamed “the Big Six”.

They are Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Percy Shelley, Keats and Blake.

Name the Romantic poets of the First generation

First generation: William Blake, William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge.

Name the Romantic poets of the Second generation.

second generation: George Byron, Percy Shelley, John Keats.

What are the Romantic poets of the first generation characterized by?

linked to the English reality (Lake district); simple and spontaneous language; concern with simplicity and humble people; Nature: seen as a reassuring-calming presence with which the poet feels at ease; LOVE - feelings are innocent and eternal

What are the Romantic poets of the second generation characterized by?

They all were fascinated with Mediterranean countries, where they all died young; complex language, elaborate versification; concern with classical world (a new interest in the world of ancient Greece); Nature: seen as a force considered with respect and it is indifferent to man's destiny because it has what man has always longed for: ETERNITY/IMMORTALITY; Poetry is seen as a challenge because through it the poet can gain immortality; LOVE - feelings are fatal, deceptive, ephemeral

Why are the Romantic poets of the first generation called "Lake poets"?

The "Lake Poets" were named after the Lake District, not only because of their geographical ties but also because of how the region's natural beauty and solitude influenced their work and philosophy.

What does William Blake's poem A Poison Tree describe?

The poem describes the narrator's repressed feelings of anger towards an individual, emotions which eventually lead to murder.

What is Blake's poem "Tyger" about?

It is a poem about the nature of creation

Why is William Blake's poem called "The Sick Rose"?

The “dark secret love” of the worm is destroying the rose’s life.

What is Blake’ poem The Little Black Boy about?

The poem argues for racial equality, insisting that earthly identity is temporary and that all are worthy of God's divine love.

What device adopted from Dante’s “Divine Comedy” does Blake use in his poem The Marriage of Heaven and Hell?

book describes the poet's visit to Hell, a device adopted by Blake from Dante's Divine Comedy

What did William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, launch in English literature with their joint publication of Lyrical Ballads?

William Wordsworth with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped to launch the Romantic Age in English literature with the 1798 joint publication Lyrical Ballads.

What is W. Wordsworth’s semi-autobiographical poem, which is called his magnum opus?

1. Wordsworth's magnum opus is generally considered to be The Prelude, a semiautobiographical poem of his early years which he revised and expanded a number of times. It was posthumously titled and published, prior to which it was generally known as the poem "to Coleridge".

How does W. Wordsworth explain the fact that people become selfish and immoral in his poems “The World Is Too Much with Us” and “London, 1802”? -

people become selfish and immoral when they distance themselves from nature by living in cities.

What does Wordsworth’s poem The World Is Too Much with Us state?

The poem angrily states that human beings are too preoccupied with the material and have lost touch with the spiritual and with nature.

What is Wordsworth's poem "Tintern Abbey about?

In the poem Tintern Abbey the poet shares his beautiful ideas about nature.

What is Wordsworth’s poem Lines Written in Early Spring concern with?

‘Lines Written in Early Spring‘ by William Wordsworth is a landscape poem that is largely concerned with nature.

What two types of poetry does Wordsworth compare in his poem A Poet! He Hath Put his Heart to School?

contrived (art) and natural (Art)

What two poets, members of the Lake Poets, are considered the founders of the Romantic Movement in England?

Samuel Taylor Coleridge and William Wordsworth.

Name the longest major poem by Coleridge, published in the collection Lyrical Ballads

“The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”

What is “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” about?

The poem relates the events experienced by a mariner who has returned from a long sea voyage.

Who has been the poem inspired by?

The poem may have been inspired by the famous English explorer James Cook’s second voyage (1772–1775) of the South Seas and the Pacific Ocean.

Why was the crew angry with the Mariner?

The crew is angry with the Mariner, believing the albatross brought the south wind that led them out of the Antarctic.

Why do the sailors then change their minds?

The sailors change their minds when the weather becomes warmer and the mist disappears.

Why is the Mariner forced to wander the earth, tell his story, and teach a lesson to those he meets?

As penance for shooting the albatross, the Mariner, driven by guilt, is forced to wander the earth, tell his story, and teach a lesson to those he meets.

Who is the second most frequently quoted writer in The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations after Shakespeare?

Alfred Tennyson, Lord Tennyson

What role did Emily Sellwood, Tennyson's wife, play in his life?

Emily played a number of significant roles in Alfred's life. Aside from being a wife and mother of two sons, she ran large households and conducted business tasks for her husband.

Who was an ardent admirer of Tennyson's work, and gave him a title of Baron Tennyson?

Queen Victoria

Did Tennyson accept a baronetcy?

He first declined a baronetcy in 1865 and 1868, finally accepting a peerage in 1883.

What subject matter did Tennyson use as source material for his poetry?

Tennyson used a wide range of subject matter, ranging from medieval legends to classical myths and from domestic situations to observations of nature, as source material for his poetry.

Name one of the best conversation poem written by Coleridge?

Frost at Midnight

How can people become closer to God in Coleridge opinion according to his poem “Frost at Midnight”?

The speaker of “Frost at Midnight” believes that people can become closer to God through nature.

What does Coleridge describe in his poem "Kubla Khan"?

In "Kubla Khan", Coleridge describes his imagined version of the 13th century Mongolian ruler Kublai Khan's palace. The poem's speaker compares the natural beauty and peaceful setting at the palace with the war and chaos of the outside world.

What is “Biographia Literaria” by Samuel Coleridge?

The Biographia Literaria is a critical autobiography by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, published in two volumes.

Why does Shelley welcome the wind in his poem “Ode to the West Wind” despite the unhappiness it brings?

In "Ode to the West Wind", Percy Bysshe Shelley welcomes the West Wind despite the chaos and unhappiness it brings because he sees it as a powerful force of transformation and renewal.

What generation of Romantic poets does John Keats belong to?

He was one of the key figures in the second generation of the Romantic movement

What does Keats’ poem “Bright star” express?

John Keats' poem "Bright Star" expresses a longing for eternal constancy and the desire for a love that is unchanging and timeless.

What does Keats’ poem Ode to Nightingale conclude?

1. In "Ode to a Nightingale", Keats reflects on the contrast between the transient, mortal nature of human life and the seemingly eternal, immortal song of the nightingale. By the end of the poem, Keats concludes that the nightingale represents a form of transcendent beauty and freedom, unbound by the human condition.

What does Keats argue in his poem Ode on a Grecian Urn?

He argues that while life is fleeting and impermanent, art is eternal and unchanging.

What does Keats hope for in his poem Sleep and Poetry?

In "Sleep and Poetry", Keats expresses a desire for escape from the pressures and struggles of life through the realms of sleep and poetry.

What is Keats poem To Homer about?

“To Homer” is primarily about the admiration and inspiration Keats feels towards Homer.

What does Keats’ poem When I have Fears that I May Cease to Be center on?

It centers on a speaker's anxiety about dying before being able to achieve his/her aspirations as a poet.

What is Keats’ poem Ode to Psyche about?

"Ode to Psyche" is an allegorical meditation upon the nature of love.

What does the speaker promise to Psyche in Keats’ poem Ode to Psyche?

In “Ode to Psyche”, the speaker promises to honor and worship Psyche, dedicating himself to her in a way that reflects both his admiration and his desire to immortalize her.