Honors World History 10 Finals Flashcards

Renaissance

The rebirth of Greco-Roman Culture

Humanism

A belief during the renaissance that empathized secularism, science, and what man-kind could do

Petrarch

Father of Humanism

Leonardo Da Vinci

Famous Italian artist and inventor known for painting the last supper and the Mona lisa

Michelangelo

Famous sculptor and painter, known for creating the Statue of David and painting the Sistine Chapel

Machiavelli

Author who wrote The Prince about getting what you want using any means necessary

Dante

Wrote Dante’s Inferno

Gutenberg

Created the Gutenberg press

Northern Renaissance Art

consisted of more landscapes and real life

Southern Renaissance Art

consisted of more people and rich lifestyles

Martin Luther

Nailed his 95 Theses to the door of the Catholic Church, founder of the Protestant religion

Causes of the Protestant Reformation

Indulgences, simony, corruption,

Henry VIII

King of England known for having six wives, founded the Church of England

Church of England

Created by Henry VIII, the leader of the Church would be the monarch

Bloody Mary

Daughter of Henry VIII who killed Protestants

John Calvin

Known for creating Calvinism and the idea of predestination

Huguenots

French Protestants

Catholic Reformation

Catholic response to the Protestant Reformation

Jesuits

Catholic missionaries

French War of Religions

Between two and four million people died from violence, famine or disease directly caused by the conflict, and it severely damaged the power of the French monarchy

Edict of Nantes

a significant legal document that granted religious freedom to French Protestants, known as Huguenots, in a predominantly Catholic nation

Protestantism

Denomination of Christianity, created by Martin Luther

Christian Humanism

combines Christian theology with humanistic values like individual dignity and the importance of human potential

Christopher Columbus

Discovered the Caribbean, ended up in the Americas

Cortez

Conquered the Aztecs

Hudson

Found the Hudson River and the Hudson Bay

Magellan

First to circumnavigate the globe

Middle Passage

Part of the Transatlantic Slave Trade

New World

North America where Columbus discovered

Colonization

The act of taking over for resources and land

Defeat of the Spanish armada

1588, the Spanish Armada was defeated by the British Navy

Absolutism

The act of having absolute power over a country

Phillip II

Catholic King of Spain

Elizabeth I

Protestant Queen of England, known for being the virgin queen

Louis XIV

French King known for throwing Lavish parties and creating the Palace of Versailles

Peter the Great

Czar of Russia

Charles I

King of England, known for being overthrown by Cromwell

Cromwell

Overthrew Charles I

Charles II

Son of Charles I and took over after Cromwell

Puritans

Religious group in England who was seeking religious freedom

James II

King of England who was removed by his people and replaced by William of Orange

Glorious Revolution

The removal of James II and bringing in William of Orange

Nicholas Copernicus

Astronomer who invented the idea of the heliocentric solar system

Francis Bacon

Scientist who created the scientific method

Issac Newton

Scientist known for creating “Newtons Three Laws of Motion”

Galileo

Astronomer known for creating the telescope

Thomas Hobbes

Believed mankind needed order and government to stay in order

John Locke

Believed than mankind was given life, liberty, and the right to property and were capable of good

Rousseau

Philosopher that created the social contract

Adam Smith

British man who believed that the government shouldn’t interfere with economics

Mary Wollstonecraft

Writer who wrote about feminism and women’s rights

Descartes

“I think therefore I am”

American Revolution

1776, American gained their independence from Britain

Stamp Act

Tax on all stamps in the colonies

Articles of Confederation

First attempt at the United States Constitution

Deceleration of Independence

Letter sent to King George declaring independence from Britian

Continental Congress

Delegation of the people

Constitution

Law and rules of the United States government

Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments of the Constitution

George Washington

General who later became the first president of the United States

Thomas Jefferson

Wrote the deceleration of independence

Louis XVI

King of France during the French Revolution

Three Estates

Three social classes in France

Tennis Court Oath

The third estate declared revolution

Bastille Day

July 14, 1789, the day the french people storm the bastille

Committee of Public Safety

The government set up by Robespierre that was ineffective

Maximilian Robespierre

Leader of the French Revolution

Reign of Terror

Robespierre led the killing of French Monarchs

Napoleon

Famous french military general

Napoleonic Code

Rules set by Napoleon

Haitian Revolution

a successful slave revolt in the French colony of Saint-Domingue, resulted in the creation of the independent Republic of Haiti in 1804 

Toussaint L'ouverture

Led the Haitian slaves to independence

Conditions for industrialization origins

agricultural advancements, population growth, wealth accumulation, technological innovation, and favorable government policies

Textiles

a flexible material comprising of a network of natural or artificial fibers, known as yarn

Transportation

Steam powered railroads

Key Inventions during the Industrial Revolution

Cotton gin, telegraph, spinning ginny

Nationalism

an ideology that emphasizes loyalty, devotion, or allegiance to a nation or nation-state and holds that such obligations outweigh other individual or group interests

Garibaldi

Italian writer who wrote about nationalism and pride for his country

Bismarck

a strong and conservative politician who was Chancellor under Wilhelm I's government and achieved Germany's unification

Franco-Prussian War

War in which a coalition of German states led by Prussia defeated France, ending French hegemony in continental Europe and creating a unified Germany

Realpolitik

politics based on practical, pragmatic considerations rather than ideological beliefs

Causes of WWI

Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand, militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism

Triple Entente

Alliance between Britain, France, and Russia

Triple Alliance

Germany, Italy, Austria, and Hungary

Trench warfare

WWI tactic where soldiers would fight from Trenches

Eastern Front

major theatre of combat during World War II that included operations in the Soviet Union, the Balkans, the Baltic States, and eastern and central Europe

Western Front

side of territory under the control of Germany, which was also fighting on its eastern flank for most of the conflict

Vladimir Lenin

Overthrew the Nicholas II and created the Russian Communist Party

Armistice

marked the end of fighting on the Western Front in Europe

Treaty of Versailles

a peace treaty signed on June 28, 1919, that formally ended World War I between Germany and the Allied Powers