Families/Groups of the periodic table & Properties of the focused groups

Hydrogen

• Is an exception - in Group 1, but is NOT part of that family. 

• Gas at room temperature.

• 1 proton, 1 electron & 0 neutrons in its 1 energy level

Alkali Metals

• Group 1

• 1 VSE

• Shiny, soft & have the consistency of clay

• React violently with water and so are never found free in nature.

• Most reactive metals 

They give away their valence electrons to other atoms.

Alkaline Earth Metals

• Group 2

• Very reactive but not as reactive as group 1

• 2 valence electrons.
  They give away their valence electrona to other atoms. 

Transition Metals

• Number of VSE varies

• Good conductors of heat and electricity

• Groups 3-12

Halogen Family

• 7 VSE

• Very reactive therefore they are never found free in nature

• Non-metals

• Group 17

• Dull

Noble Gases

• Gasses

• Colorless 

• Extremely unreactive (inert)

• Stable - full octet (8 VSE) - except He (2 VSE)

• Found in small amounts in earth's atmosphere. 

• Group 18 

Rare Earth Elements (Metals)

• 30 → lanthanide and actinide series

• Most are synthetic or man-made

Metalloids

• Metal-like

• Has properties of both metals and nonmetals

• Solids 

• Shiny or dull

• Conduct heat and electricity better than non-metals but not as well as metals

• Not ductile/malleable

• Elements: Boron, Silicon, Germanium, Arsenic, Antimony, Tellurium, and Polonium