DCUSH: Unit 2

The Great Awakening

A series of religious revivals that swept through the British colonies; took place in 1730s & 1740s

Who was the face of the Great Awakening?

George Whitefield; bcs of his dramatic preaching, and use of mass media to unite people in Great Britain and the American colonies.

What was the message of the Great Awakening?

God works directly through the people rather than through churches or institutions (individualism) ; needed a personal relationship with god

Causes & Effects of Great Awakening

Causes: The Enlightenment

Effects: Challenged religious institutions and the traditional religious authority, religious diversity (rise of Baptists & Methodists, etc) encourage democratic thought (like all ppl were equal)

Were American colonists, British or American?

American colonists are British that were just living somewhere else; were proud of it

Why was the Great Awakening important?

It was the 1st shared cultural moment for American colonists

Which colony was known for print culture & who was the father of printing in America?

Philidelphia, Pennsylvania; Ben Franklin

Does shared culture = shared identity?

yes

Consumer Revolution

increase supply of consumer goods from England, availability of credit, improvements in manufacturing & more raw materials

Mercantilism

An economic system where Great Britain used its American colonies to increase its own wealth & power; The British colonies were money makers

Which idea of Enlightenment did many colonists support?

Social Contract

How did British colonies contribute to widespread political participation?

By making land ownership accessible which allowed males to reach the property requirements required to vote; also did colonial assemblies

George Washington

young British officer during French & Indian war, gained military experience fighting in NA, his experiences during this conflict shaped his later career as a colonial leader

George Whitefield

famous preacher in First Great Awakening, traveled throughout the colonies preaching to large crowds, considered face of Great Awakening bcs of his widespread influence and preaching

Jonathan Edwards

minister based in MA, preached that people could a have personal experience w/ god, his sermons was one of the most famous of colonial era (Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God)

Sugar Act

tax on sugar & molasses (used to make rum), affected some people (rum makers, etc), act was passed to maintain army & repay debt from war, strictly enforced act

What does vice admirality mean?

means navy/military courts

Stamp Act

first direct tax, tax stamps on legal docs, almanacs, pamphlets, etc, everyone was affected

Townshed Acts

tariffs/taxes on imports of glass, lead, paint, tea, etc. ; paid the salaries of colonial govs. & judges

Boston Massacre

British soldiers fired colonists (5 killed, 6 wounded), increased anti British sentiment, growing unity, John Adams defended the British soldiers, was propoganda and only rlly showed the colonists side & how unfair it was for them

Tea Act

British goal was to bail out the East India Company, made English tea cheaper than smuggled tea, colonists saw this as a violation of rights, forcing them to buy one brand

Boston Tea Party

impact of the tea act, group of patriots boarded the ship w/ tea & dumped LOTS of tea in the water

Intolerable (Coercive) Acts

passed to punish the WHOLE colony of MA Bay for Boston Tea Party, they closed Boston Harbor (trading port) & shut down the colonial gov. (no assemblies)

What was the impact of Imperial Reform

unity among colonists

Continental Congress, 1st meeting

response to the intolerable acts, final decision was to boycott British goods

Continental Congress, 2nd meeting

after Lexington war (april 1775), appointed George Washington as commander in chief, keep in mind the colonists wanted PEACE w/ the British NOT independence

what was the date for the Declaration of Independence?

July 4, 1776

What were the four major events/turning points of the American Revolution?

Lexington & Concord, Crossing the Deleware/Battle of Trenton, Battle of Saratoga, & Battle of Yorktown

Why was the battle of Lexington and Concord important?

1st war and shots heard around the world

Why was the battle of Trenton important?

Washington’s militia won; more confidence & chance to win independence

Why was the battle of Saratoga important?

considered the turning point, france forms an alliance with the american colonists, they had naval support

Why was the battle of Yorktown important?

final major battle of the American Revolutionary war, british surrendered

How did Washington turn the Continental Army around?

He soon figured out that army survival is crucial, he instilled discipline

Guerilla Warfare

A small military uses surprise tactics, ambushes, hide & seek to wear down & weaken the powerful military; they don’t surrender & keep the war going

Treaty of Paris, 1783

the formal end to the American Revolution war

Which three people negotiated the treaty on behalf of the american colonists?

Ben Franklin, John Jay, John Adams

Who were Loyalists?

loyalists were probritish and were part of the colonist population, they were considered traitors by American colonists

What did the Loyalists do after the American Revolution?

Loyalists fled to Canada ; one of the key figures were Ben Franklin’s son, William

Did slavery end after the American Revolution?

no, race based system such as Virginia’s slave codes still were in place though resistance to slavery was still happening as many enslaved people were influenced by the American Revolution & the Enlightenment

What effects did the American Revolution have on Native Americans?

The revolution opened western settlement & native territorial claims were now in control

Who did the Natives support during the American Revolution?

Natives supported the British because they didn’t want colonists to take land away from them (think of the Proclamation line)

What was the Stono Rebellion?

A violent rebellion ; on Sunday morning while white planters were in Church, around eighty enslaved people gathered and marched under a banner that read Liberty, they burned plantations & killed at least 20 white settler along the way to Spanish Florida