Animal + Plant cells, functions, levels of organisation within organisms, specialised cells

Describe the parts of an animal cell

Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria

Describe the parts of a plant cell

Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, cell wall, chloroplasts, vacuole

Function of cell membrane

controls the entry and exit of substances

Function of cytoplasm

where most chemical reactions take place

Function of nucleus

contains chromosomes which carry genetic information, controls the activities of the cell

Function of cell wall

contains cellulose; it supports the plant’s structure

Function of chloroplasts

absorb light needed for photosynthesis

Function of vacuole

A space filled with cell sap

Function of mitochondria

site of aerobic respiration

What does the size of the organism depend on?

the number of cells

Unicellular organisms

= organisms that are made of only 1 cell

Multicellular organisms

= organisms that consist of many cells

How many cells are humans made up of?

approx. 34-37 trillion

Why do cells specialise?

to carry out specific functions more efficiently than non-specialised cells

Give 5 examples of specialised cells

Red blood cells, muscle cells, root hair cells, nerve cells, sperm cells

What is the levels of organisation within organisms?

Organelles < Cells < Tissues < Organs < Organ systems

What are specialised cells?

cells differentiate to cells with a specific function

What are tissues?

groups of similar cells with a similar function

What are organs?

several tissues performing specific functions

What is an organ system?

a number of organs working together to carry out specific functions